Method for preparing oil by thermally cracking biomass

Abstract

The invention relates to a technology for preparing oil by thermally cracking biomass, and particularly provides a method for preparing the oil by thermally cracking biomass and the like which are taken as raw materials. The method relies on a technology similar to delayed coking. The method mainly comprises the following steps of: pumping circulating oil out from the bottom of a fractionating column, pumping into a radiation chamber furnace tube of a heating furnace by a hot oil pump, quickly heating and raising the temperature to 450 to 550 DEG C, feeding into the upper part of a thermal cracking tower, spraying onto raw material stack layers by a distributor, allowing raw material cracking oil gas and the circulating oil to flow to the bottom of the cracking tower from up to down alongthe raw material stack layers so as to form the temperature gradient from up to down; and allowing the raw material cracking oil gas and the circulating oil to enter a vapor-liquid separation tank, allowing the raw material cracking oil gas obtained after separation to enter the fractionating column, performing mass transfer on the raw material cracking oil and the mixed liquid of cracking liquidand the circulating oil, and fractionating to obtain gas, crude gasoline, diesel oil, wax oil and circulating oil. The method has the main characteristics of energy conservation along with reasonableprocess, and low cost.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of producing oil and gas by thermal cracking, in particular to a method for producing oil by thermal cracking of biomass or the like. Background technique [0002] At present, the methods of producing oil from biomass are nothing more than the following: dry distillation, high-temperature flue gas heating, fluidized bed, nitration, and fermentation. The above methods have the following disadvantages: dry distillation heating efficiency is low, temperature gradient is large, and it is difficult to large-scale industrialization; high-temperature flue gas heating products have high oxygen content, and a large amount of low calorific value gas is not easy to use; fluidized bed has a choice for processing raw materials, which is inconvenient for processing The use of raw materials into tiny particles; Nitrification uses strong acid, which requires a large investment in equipment and a long process; slow fermentat...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

The above methods have the following disadvantages: dry distillation heating efficiency is low, temperature gradient is large, and it is difficult to large-scale industrialization; high-temperature flue gas heating products have high oxygen content, and a large amount of low calorific value gas is not easy to use; fluidized bed has a choice for processing raw materials, which is inconvenient for processing The use of raw materials into tiny particles; the use of strong acid for nitrification, large investment in equipment, long process; slow fermentation speed, high energy consumption and difficulty in product separation

[0003] It can be seen from previous related reports that every year, many rural areas set fire to large areas because of the lack of benefits in recycling straw, which not only causes environmental pollution, but also adversely affects road traffic and air transportation.

That is to say, so far, there is no better way to produce oil by pyrolysis using biomass, waste plastics, waste rubber and garbage organic matter as raw materials

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