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Electrodes with Multilayer Membranes and Methods of Using and Making the Electrodes

Inactive Publication Date: 2009-12-17
ABBOTT DIABETES CARE INC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0006]Generally, the present invention relates to electrodes and optodes having membranes to reduce analyte flux or reduce interferent flux or both. One embodiment is a sensor that includes a sensing layer disposed on a substrate and a multilayer flux-limiting membrane disposed over the sensing layer. The membrane includes a first layer disposed on and bound to the sensing layer and one or more additional layers disposed on and bound to the preceding layers of the membrane. The substrate can have a conductive material upon which the sensing layer is disposed to form an electrode or an optical material, such as an optical fiber, upon which the sensing layer is disposed to form an optode. As an example, the membrane includes at least two layers; one of which is a polycationic layer or a polyanionic layer. Optio

Problems solved by technology

Micro-membranes for use with miniature biosensors typically cannot be easily cut to size from pre-formed membranes and if cut by a precision tool, such as a laser or an electron beam, their placement on and attachment to the surface of an electrode or optode can be difficult.
The reproducible casting of micro-membranes can also be difficult.

Method used

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  • Electrodes with Multilayer Membranes and Methods of Using and Making the Electrodes
  • Electrodes with Multilayer Membranes and Methods of Using and Making the Electrodes
  • Electrodes with Multilayer Membranes and Methods of Using and Making the Electrodes

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

example 1

[0041]Formation of Glucose Electrodes. Miniature gold electrodes were structurally similar to those described in Csöregi et al., Anal. Chem. 66, 3131 (1994) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,593,852, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. The electrodes were made of polyimide-insulated 0.25 mm gold wire, which was cut to 5 cm long pieces. At one end, the insulation was stripped from 0.5 cm of the wire to make the electrical contact. At the other end, a 90 μm deep polyimide-walled recess was formed by electrochemically etching away the gold under galvanostatic control by an EG&G PARC 273A potentiostat / galvanostat.

[0042]The tip of the gold wire at the bottom of the shielded recess was coated with the transduction (sensing) layer; a micro-membrane; and a biocompatible layer. The first and third layers were formed by micropipetting polymer solutions onto the gold surface under a microscope, using a micromanipulator. The micro-membrane was formed by dip and rinse cycles.

[0043]The sensing ...

example 2

[0046]In Vitro Experiments using the Electrode of Example 1. In vitro experiments were carried out in a stirred, water-jacketed electrochemical cell in 0.15 M NaCl, 0.02 M phosphate buffer solution with pH 7.1. The cell had a saturated Ag / AgCl reference electrode, a platinum counter electrode and the modified 0.25 mm gold wire tip working electrode, as described in Example 1. Unless otherwise stated the working electrode was poised at 400 mV vs. Ag / AgCl, and the cell was maintained at 37° C. with an isothermal circulator (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, Pa.). The potential was controlled by a CHI832 electrochemical detector (CH Instrument, Austin, Tex.) and a PC collected the data.

[0047]FIG. 1 illustrates the dependence of the sensitivity on the number of PAc / PAm / PAc / PAm / PAc / PVPEA sextets where the dashed line indicates no micro-membrane, the squares indicate one sextet, the triangles indicate two sextets, and the circles indicate three sextets. This demonstrates the expansion of the...

example 3

[0053]In Vivo Experiments using the Electrode of Example 1. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 400-500 g, were pre-anesthetized with halothane (Halocarbon Laboratories, North Augusta, S.C.) and anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection (0.5 mL) of a solution made of equal volumes of acepromazine maleate (10 mg / mL), ketamine (100 mg / mL), and xylazine (20 mg / mL). The animals were shaved about their necks, abdomens, and between their scapulae, and then secured on a homeothermic blanket system (Harvard Apparatus, South Natick, Mass.). A 0.0375-in.-diameter medical grade silicone tube was inserted into the proximal portion of their right external jugular vein and secured with 4-0 silk sutures. A dose of 100 units / kg body weight of heparin solution was then administered, followed by an equal volume of saline to clear the line. A glucose sensor was implanted subcutaneously between the scapulae, using a 22-gauge Per-Q-Cath introducer (Gesco International, San Antonio, Tex.). The sensor was taped to ...

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Abstract

A sensor including a sensing layer is disposed over an electrode or an optode and a layer-by-layer assembled mass transport limiting membrane disposed over the sensing layer. The membrane includes at least one layer of a polyanionic or polycationic material. The assembled layers of the membrane are typically disposed in an alternating manner. The sensor also optionally includes a biocompatible membrane.

Description

[0001]This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 09 / 854,310, filed May 11, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,746,582, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60 / 203,762, filed May 12, 2000. Each of these applications is incorporated herein by reference.GOVERNMENT SUPPORT[0002]This invention was made with government support under grant No. 3R01DK42015 from the NIH-NIDDK. The government has certain rights in the invention.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0003]This invention relates to sensors and sensor components that have multilayer membranes and methods of making and using the sensors and sensor components. In addition, the invention relates to enzyme electrodes and optodes with multi-layer analyte-flux limiting membranes and methods of making and using the optodes and the electrodes.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0004]Miniature biosensors utilizing enzyme-containing optodes and electrodes for monitoring biochemicals often include mass-transport controlling mem...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): G01N27/403C12M1/00G01N27/40
CPCG01N27/3271
Inventor HELLER, ADAMCHEN, TINGFRIEDMAN, KEITH A.
Owner ABBOTT DIABETES CARE INC
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