A kind of heavy oil hydrogenation reactor and hydrogenation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a heavy oil hydrogenation reactor and a hydrogenation method. The reactor consists of an outer cylinder of the reactor, an inner cylinder I and an inner cylinder II arranged along the axial direction of the reactor. The cross-sectional area of ​​the inner cylinder I gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the inner cylinder II gradually decreases from top to bottom. increase; an annular space is formed between the inner cylinder I, the inner cylinder II and the outer cylinder of the reactor; the inner cylinder I is filled with a hydrogenation catalyst I, and the annular space is filled with a hydrogenation catalyst II, and the activity of the hydrogenation catalyst I is higher than Activity of Hydrogenation Catalyst II. The present invention reduces the viscosity of the material through the viscosity-reducing component installed in the inner cylinder II, and then passes through the inner cylinder I and the annular space to undergo a hydrogenation reaction, improves the driving force and reaction rate of the mass transfer process of the heavy oil liquid phase hydrogenation reaction, and controls the reaction between the reaction material and the hydrogenation reaction. The contact time of different active catalysts can slow down the coking of the catalyst surface, reduce the deep cracking reaction of light oil, and improve the liquid yield and heavy impurity removal conversion rate of heavy oil liquid phase hydrogenation reaction process.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of petrochemical industry, and in particular relates to a heavy oil hydrogenation reactor and a hydrogenation method. Background technique [0002] With the hydrogenation of crude oil becoming heavier and inferior, the composition of crude oil is getting heavier, that is, the proportion of heavy crude oil is getting higher and higher. Therefore, the progress of heavy oil hydroprocessing technology has become a key point in the research of hydrogenation process. one. Heavy oil hydrogenation reactors are divided into various types, such as fixed bed hydrogenation reactors, suspension bed hydrogenation reactors, ebullating bed hydrogenation reactors, etc. Fixed bed hydrogenation reactors are the most widely used. The bed reactor can handle various types of heavy oil products, and has shown unique advantages in the process of oil hydrogenation, such as low-quality oil residues and coal liquefied oils, which are prone to ...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, the following problems still exist in the heavy oil liquid-phase hydrogenation hydrogenation reactor and the reaction process: (1) The heavy oil has a high viscosity and the hydrogen oil mass transfer rate is low, resulting in a low reaction rate; (2) The reaction residence time in the heavy oil hydrogenation process Difficult to control, short residence time cannot reach the required depth of reaction, and long reaction residence time, side reactions or cracking and serious problems of catalyst coking

[0008] In summary, most of the heavy oil hydrogenation reactors and upflow liquid phase hydrogenation reactors in the prior art are based on improving the process through existing equipment, adopting new hydrogen dissolution equipment or multiple hydrogen dissolution, etc. method to improve the hydrogenation reaction efficiency, but did not solve the problems of low reaction rate, insufficient conversion depth, uneven temperature rise in the heavy oil liquid phase hydrogenation reaction process, and low liquid yield, side reactions and cracking reactions caused by long residence time. serious problem

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