Rotary part on-machine precise and quick alignment device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a rotary part on-machine precise and quick alignment device and method, and belongs to the technical field of precision / ultra-precision machining. The rotary part on-machine precise and quick alignment device comprises a main controller, a high-precision displacement detection device and a micro-nano displacement adjusting device. The rotary part on-machine precise and quick alignment method comprises the steps that firstly, the high-precision displacement detection device is controlled by the main controller to conduct data acquisition on the excircle runout of a part,acquired data are subjected to low-pass filtering treatment and then least square fitting treatment is conducted; then the maximum deviation of the part and the corresponding deviation angle are calculated, a machine tool main shaft is controlled by the main controller to rotate to be located at the appointed angle, the micro-nano displacement adjusting device is adopted to adjust the displacement of the part within the nanometer-grade to micron-grade range, and then the excircle of the part is detected after adjustment is accomplished; and finally, the adjusting process is repeated until theexcircle runout of the rotary part meets the precision / ultra-precision machining requirement. The rotary part on-machine precise and quick alignment device and method have the advantages of being high in precision, being capable of achieving the submicron grade and even the nanometer grade, being convenient and fast to adjust, high in repeatability of the adjustment accuracy and low in dependenceof the technology of an operator, and easily achieving the automation.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of precision / ultra-precision machining, and in particular relates to an on-machine accurate and fast alignment device and method for rotary parts. Background technique [0002] High-precision rotary parts, such as: rings, shafts, bushings, spherical or aspherical parts, casings, etc., are widely used in aerospace, military, medical, precision instruments and precision physical experiments and other fields. Performance requirements put forward extremely high processing requirements for this type of rotary parts, including the roundness, cylindricity, profile error and wall thickness error of the part, and its dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy reach the micron submicron level, or even nanometer At present, such parts are mainly processed by precision / ultra-precision turning or grinding. [0003] At present, during precision / ultra-precision turning or grinding, the rotary parts are mainly detected by tec...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0003] At present, during precision / ultra-precision turning or grinding, the rotary parts are mainly detected by technical operators using dial gauges, dial gauges, etc. The tool with a softer material hits the outer circle of the part to adjust the position of the part to ensure that the coincidence error between the center line of rotation of the part and the center line of rotation of the machine tool spindle is within a small range. This adjustment process belongs to the alignment of the part clamping process. It is also an important process in the processing of this type of parts. The existing manual alignment method, high-tech operators can fine-tune the alignment accuracy to reach the micron level. Although it is difficult, and due to the limitation of alignment accuracy, it must be A larger machining allowance is reserved in the subsequent machining process, which will inevitably lead to a large amount of material removal in the precision / ultra-precision machining stage, a long processing time, and high costs. The allowance is not uniform, and the actual cutting depth of the tool changes, resulting in changes in the cutting force during the machining process, and the quality of the machined surface is unstable, which can easily cause the tool to break

In addition, for parts that need to be processed inside and outside to ensure the part contour error and wall thickness error at the same time, when the part is turned over and clamped for the second time, due to the influence of alignment error, the actual center line of rotation after machining the inner and outer surfaces has a large deviation , and cannot be eliminated by increasing the margin, directly causing the wall thickness error of the part to fail to meet the processing requirements, which has become a key technical bottleneck that currently limits the control of high wall thickness error in ultra-precision machining of such parts

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