Treatment method and device for solid waste

Abstract

The invention discloses a treatment method and device for solid waste. The treatment method comprises the following steps that (1) the solid waste is pyrolyzed; and (2) solid residues generated by pyrolysis are activated into activated carbon, and gas generated by pyrolysis is catalytically modified through a catalyst. The treatment device is composed of six parts of a pyrolysis furnace, an activation furnace, a catalysis tower, a rectifying tower, a liquid storage tank and a gas storage tank. The pyrolysis reaction of the solid waste is conducted in the pyrolysis furnace, and the generated solid residues enter the activation furnace to be activated to generate the activated carbon; generated organic matter is catalytically modified through the catalysis tower and then passes through the rectifying tower, and thus organic fine chemicals are obtained; and generated non-condensable combustible gas enters the gas storage tank, and combustible gas generated in the activation furnace enters the gas storage tank as well. The fine chemicals with the high additional value can be obtained, meanwhile, the solid residues are effectively converted into the activated carbon, and accordingly efficient multi-component resource utilization of the solid waste is achieved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a method for efficient resource utilization of solid waste, in particular to a treatment technology for solid waste. Background technique [0002] In recent years, due to the increasing shortage of energy and resources in the world and the emergence of various solid waste resource utilization methods, solid waste has shifted from the narrow concept of simple collection, transportation, treatment, and landfill to suppressing solid waste production and improving solid waste production. Material resource utilization rate is up. It is a general trend that solid waste is developed and utilized as a resource. At present, solid waste treatment should achieve "three modernizations", that is, harmlessness, reduction, and recycling. The disadvantages of the landfill method have made it limited. For example, Switzerland has promulgated laws to cancel the solid waste landfill method; composting treatment methods should not be expanded du...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Sanitary landfill is a solid waste treatment method that improves the traditional landfill technology. Although this method has the advantages of simple process, low investment, large processing capacity and low operating cost in terms of solid waste treatment, there are also disadvantages. Many defects: occupying a large amount of land, it is more and more difficult to select the site of the landfill; The waste explodes and poses a threat to human health; therefore, in the solid waste disposal methods of various countries, the proportion of sanitary landfill is gradually decreasing

But there are also many shortcomings: the composting cycle is long and the area is large; bricks, plastics, metals and other solid waste materials that cannot be degraded by microorganisms must be sorted out, which increases the cost of treatment; long-term use of composting products, It is easy to deposit the soil surface; the pathogens in the solid waste are not completely killed, and it is easy to cause secondary pollution; the content of effective fertilizer components in compost is low, and it is a slow-acting fertilizer. Compared with chemical fertilizers, it is difficult to sell and has poor economic benefits Wait

Nevertheless, incineration still has many disadvantages, such as certain requirements for the calorific value of solid waste; the incineration process produces fly ash containing heavy metals, dioxins and other toxic and harmful substances, which is easy to cause secondary pollution, especially for dioxins. British control is still unresolved

Therefore, the development of incineration treatment is often limited by public opposition

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