Synchronous powder feeding space laser machining and three-dimensional forming method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a synchronous powder feeding space laser machining and three-dimensional forming method and device. A three-dimensional solid is divided into a plurality of forming units according to the form simplification and nozzle fusion covering scanning accessibility principle, each forming unit is divided into a plurality of laminates, a mode for single-beam gas-carried powder feeding in a hollow annular laser is adopted, a mechanical arm is controlled to drive an in-laser powder feeding nozzle to move for scanning in filling areas and boundary areas of the laminates according to a preset trajectory, and forming fusion covering and stacking forming of the laminates are sequentially completed, so that forming fusion covering and stacking forming of the whole unit are completed. The device comprises the in-laser powder feeding nozzle, a laser generator, the mechanical arm, a control module, a transmission optical fiber, a gas-carried powder feeder and a gas source. The control module is connected with the mechanical arm, the laser generator and the gas-carried powder feeder. The in-laser powder feeding nozzle is fixed to the front end of the mechanical arm and can make spatial motion along with the mechanical arm. Through the method and device, fusion covering and three-dimensional stacking forming on any surface of the space can be achieved, and supportless three-dimensional forming of parts with complex structures such as a hanging structure and a cavity can be achieved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a laser processing and forming technology, in particular to a method and device for synchronous powder feeding space laser processing and three-dimensional forming. Background technique [0002] Additive manufacturing technology is a technology that uses the method of gradually accumulating materials to manufacture solid parts. Among them, there are two methods of laser additive manufacturing commonly used for metals: laser powder bed selective sintering and melting and laser synchronous feeding cladding forming. Selective sintering is supported by a powder bed, and can form metal parts with complex shapes and overhanging structures, but the equipment is expensive, the cost is high, and the forming size is limited. The laser synchronous feeding method cladding and forming metal can approach or reach the performance of forgings, and the cost is low. This process can be integrated with various CNC processing machine tools and mo...

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Problems solved by technology

Because this method of powder feeding from the laser side is not coaxial powder feeding, it is only suitable for cladding in a fixed direction, and cannot meet the isotropic requirements of facade forming, let alone realize three-dimensional forming on any surface in space

[0005] At present, the laser three-dimensional cladding and forming method of synchronous powder feeding method has the following disadvantages: (1) In the layered three-dimensional forming of the overhanging structural parts, the upper and lower layers of the overhanging boundary are dislocated due to the lack of support, and the light ones cause the forming accuracy to decrease, forming a "step" on the surface "effect"; in severe cases, it will cause loss of light powder, flow of molten pool, and unsustainable accumulation and forming; (2) It can only complete the formation of simple structures such as upright or small-angle camber, but cannot complete complex structures such as large-angle camber, cantilever or cavity. Forming; (3) Cladding processing, repairing or forming can only be performed on horizontal surfaces or small-angle inclined surfaces, and cladding processing, repairing or three-dimensional accumulation forming cannot be performed on any inclined surface in space

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