Rapid composting method of water plant by utilization of biomass charcoal

Abstract

A rapid composting method of a water plant by utilization of biomass charcoal is characterized by successively comprising the following steps: the first step, weighing raw materials: the raw materials comprises a base composting material and the biomass charcoal, the base composting material comprises a fresh water plant and air-dried straw, the ratio of the fresh water plant to the air-dried straw is configured based on that the range of the dry-basis carbon nitrogen ratio of the base composting material being 22-28, according to the actual water content, natural weight is obtained by conversion, an input amount of the biomass charcoal is 40%-50% of the dry-basis weight of the base composting material, and the water content after mixing of the three raw materials is controlled between 60% and 75%; the second step, evenly mixing the weighted three raw materials to produce a mixed material, and putting the mixed material to a composting place; and the third step, carrying out composting treatment of the mixed material until the mixed material forms a humic substance, namely a organic fertilizer product. Through use of the rapid composting method, a conventional dewatering volume-reduction pretreatment process of the high-water-content fresh water plant is omitted, and two-way synergy of rapid composting and ammonia emission reduction of the fresh water plant can be realized.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of harmless resource disposal of waste, in particular to a method for rapidly composting aquatic plants by using biomass charcoal. Background technique [0002] Intensive crab farming is one of the pillar industries of high-efficiency agriculture in the river network plains of the Yangtze River Delta. However, driven by high output and high profitability, business units (or individuals) often implement a large amount of bait under high-density farming conditions, and excessive bait Residues and aquatic excreta have seriously damaged the self-purification function of the water ecosystem of the aquaculture pond, and become the main cause of eutrophication of the water body "dead crabs in the pond", and the risk of economic loss is extremely high. [0003] In order to achieve the purpose of intensive and continuous synergy of the crab farming industry, as well as the coordination of benefits and the environment...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, the composition of auxiliary materials in this method is complex, which increases the labor involved in mixing, and when it is applied to aquatic plants whose volume is significantly larger than pig manure, granular bamboo charcoal and liquid bamboo vinegar are not easy to attach to aquatic plants, and there is uneven mixing and reduced function. The problem

[0010] 2. Because the moisture content of pig manure is already in the reaction range of high-temperature aerobic composting, in addition to the above effects of adding auxiliary materials, because the proportion of bamboo charcoal to the total mass of the heap is low, and it is mixed with bamboo vinegar, its effect on pig manure The decrease of water content in the pile as the main material has no obvious effect

If the mixing ratio in this method is applied to aquatic plants with high water content, the water content of the compost cannot be in the range of aerobic composting, and there is a serious problem of anaerobic fermentation, and aerobic composting cannot be performed normally.

[0011] 3. The method of adding bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar to jointly control nitrogen loss in the process of composting pig manure does not mention raising the compost temperature and speeding up the composting process, and there is no evidence of reducing ammonia volatilization in the examples. There are many problems of rapid composting, ammonia emission reduction and synergy between the two

[0012] Chinese patent CN 101560114A introduces a pig manure composting preparation method with rapid heating and dehydration and reduced composting time. Except that bamboo vinegar is missing in the auxiliary material composition and the upper and lower limits of the bamboo charcoal addition ratio are slightly increased, its main features are the same as those of Chinese patent CN 101423427A Similarly, there are the same defects in the first and second aspects. Although it is effective in rapid composting, there are still problems in reducing ammonia emissions and its synergy with rapid composting.

[0014] Chinese patent CN 101016215A introduces a method of using bamboo charcoal to efficiently compost livestock and poultry breeding waste. Its main features are similar to those of the above-mentioned CN 101560114A, and there are the same problems. The effect comparison of the process only takes one of the roles played by bamboo charcoal in composting: it can directly absorb ammonia as an inference to reduce nitrogen loss, but ignores the role of bamboo charcoal in indirectly increasing ammonia volatilization during composting, and there is no clear nitrogen The problem of reducing the amount of element loss

[0019] 1. After the livestock and poultry manure is air-dried to a moisture content below 40%, it is mixed with bio-black carbon with a low moisture content in proportion, and water is added to adjust the moisture content of the heap to about 60%, and it is still necessary to add water to maintain the moisture content 20 days before composting The composting rate remains unchanged at 60%. This complicated composting process not only requires a lot of drying space and labor, but also reduces the composting productivity per unit of land.

It is applied to aquatic plants with a water content as high as 90% or more and a larger volume, and its defects are more serious;

[0020] 2. In its manual figure 1 It shows that the number of days above 50°C or 55°C during the mixed composting of bio-black carbon and livestock and poultry manure according to this method does not meet the requirements of the relevant national composting standards, and has not reached the level of harmless treatment;

[0021] 3. Although this method can increase the compost temperature and accelerate the composting process, there is no evidence of reducing the emission of ammonia volatilization in the embodiments, and there are many aspects that there is no rapid compost decay, ammonia emission reduction and the synergistic effect of the two question

[0023] Due to the rapid development of the aquaculture industry and the accelerated construction of ecological interception projects for non-point source pollution in rural areas, aquatic plant wastes are widespread and abundant, and if they are not disposed of in a timely and harmless manner, they will cause serious secondary pollution and resource pollution to the environment. waste of

However, the material characteristics of aquatic plants and livestock and poultry manure are quite different, mainly manifested in high moisture content, large volume, and low carbon-nitrogen ratio. According to the usual composting method, dehydration and volume reduction pretreatment must be carried out, otherwise it is easy to carry out dehydration in the composting process. Oxygen fermentation affects the process of aerobic fermentation, and dehydration and capacity reduction need to occupy a lot of land or mechanical equipment, which restricts its simple composting treatment

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