Heavy oil lightening method and device

Abstract

The invention relates to a heavy oil lightening method and technique. The method comprises steps as follows: raw oil is introduced into a thermal cracking reactor through a feed system, and mixed with a high-temperature solid heat carrier from a combustion (gasifying) reactor, so that the raw oil is subjected to fluidizing heat exchange with the solid heat carrier and carries out thermal cracking reaction on the surface of the solid heat carrier; the cracking gas generated by the thermal cracking reaction and a light component product are subjected to steam stripping by fluidizing medium gas and enter a subsequent absorption and stabilization system and a purification and separation system, heavy coke (petroleum coke) is attached to the surface of the solid heat carrier and enters the combustion (gasifying) reactor via a material returning valve, and an oxidizing (gasifying) and fluidizing gas is introduced to realize combustion (gasifying) reaction in the fluidization elevation process of the petroleum coke; and after the reaction product (fume or gasified gas) and the solid heat carrier are separated by a gas-solid separator, the fume (gasified gas) is led into a waste heat recovery system and a gas purification system, the high-temperature solid heat carrier is distributed by a distribution valve and respectively enters the thermal cracking reactor and the combustion (gasifying) reactor for cyclic use, and the collected fly ash can be used after further processing, thereby complete high-value conversion and use of the heavy oil.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a light-weight processing method for heavy or inferior crude oil, heavy oil, vacuum residue, pyrolysis tar, cycle oil, clarified oil, asphalt, oil sand, oil rock and oil shale, etc. Specifically, it is a process method coupled with raw oil thermal cracking and coke combustion gasification, which belongs to the energy and chemical industry field of heavy oil or coal, biomass pyrolysis oil processing and high-value utilization. Background technique [0002] The rapid development of social economy has sharply increased the demand for fuel oil and gas resources, while the recoverable reserves of crude oil are decreasing year by year, and the degree of its heavy and inferior quality is gradually deepening. Therefore, increasing the degree of deep processing and utilization of crude oil, especially heavy crude oil, is of positive significance for alleviating the shortage of oil and gas resources. From the analysis of the characteris...

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Problems solved by technology

This process technology broadens the applicability of raw oil, and the by-product petroleum coke can be used more rationally, but the process flow of the device is complicated, the control is difficult, and the investment in equipment is increased, and the calorific value of the gas obtained from petroleum coke gasification is low , its application has not been developed continuously and rapidly

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