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Lithium fluoropolymer and fluoro-organic batteries

A polymer and battery technology, which can be applied to batteries with organic electrolytes, lithium batteries, batteries with solid electrolytes, etc., and can solve problems such as rate limitation and cathode material discharge rate limitation.

Inactive Publication Date: 2010-03-24
CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, the discharge rate of this cathode material is known to be limited, usually requiring a current below C / 50 (1 / 50 of the battery current per 1 hour of battery capacity) to avoid battery polarization and large capacity loss
CF x of up to 10 15 The high resistivity in Ohm.cm is a potential reason for the observed discharge rate limitation, as there is a strong correlation between cathode thickness and performance; thicker cathodes are more likely to be rate limited

Method used

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  • Lithium fluoropolymer and fluoro-organic batteries

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0132] Embodiment 1: Li-PVDF battery

[0133] A battery containing a PVDF-ABG cathode and a lithium metal anode was fabricated. The PVDF particles were KYNAR 2800 (Arkema). The material is a copolymer of PVDF and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) (Arkema product literature, Kynar PVDF, Resins for Battery Manufacture, 2007). Acetylene black graphite (ABC) particles were from Superior Graphite. To prepare a conventional cathode composition, PVDF particles and acetylene black graphite (ABG) particles were mixed in a selected weight ratio, the PVDF being dissolved in acetone before mixing. The mixture is dried before pressing. The thickness is about 100-200 microns. In the test cell, a glass fiber separator (Craneglas 230, Crane and Co.) was placed between the cathode and Li anode. Electrolyte is 1M LiBF 4 propylene carbonate (PC) solution (1:1). The softening temperature of PDF is about 130-140°C.

[0134] For experiments above room temperature, the cells were placed in an oven. ...

Embodiment 2

[0140] Embodiment 2: Li-PTFE battery

[0141] A battery containing a PTFE-ABG cathode and a lithium metal anode was fabricated. The diameter of the PTFE particles is about 0.5 mm. Acetylene black graphite (ABC) particles were from Superior Graphite. To prepare a conventional cathode composition, PTFE particles and acetylene black graphite (ABG) particles were mixed in acetone in a selected weight ratio prior to mixing. The mixture is dried before pressing. The thickness is about 100-200 microns. In the test cell, a glass fiber separator (Craneglas 230, Crane and Co.) was placed between the cathode and Li anode. Electrolyte is 1M LiBF 4 PC (1:1) solution. The melting point of PTFE is about 325°C. Figure 7 Shown is the discharge curve obtained at 72°C for a cathode mixture of equal amounts of PTFE and ABG (1:1 ratio). The discharge current is 2.0μA. The discharge voltage is about 2V.

[0142] Figure 8 Shown is the discharge curve obtained at room temperature for a c...

Embodiment 3

[0143] Example 3: Li-PVDF-CF x Battery

[0144] PVDF powder (Arkema 2801) and ABG were mixed in acetone at a weight ratio of 6:4, to which was added 20% graphite CFx (x=0.74). After the acetone was evaporated in air, the resulting mixture was dried in vacuo overnight and then pressed into discs (1.6 mm in diameter and 0.3 mm thick) at a pressure setting of 80 psi. The obtained PVDF disc was coated with 1M LiBF 4 propylene carbonate (PC) solution for half an hour. Put this in a 2016-sized coin cell as the cathode. Lithium foil is the anode. Use a piece of fiberglass disk as the septum. The electrolyte is 1MLiBF 4 PC solution. Apply high temperature epoxy around the perimeter of this coin cell spacer to prevent possible leaks at high temperatures.

[0145] The battery was placed in a temperature test chamber and discharged at 10 μA as the temperature of the chamber increased from room temperature (23° C.) to 160° C. The total operating voltage increases from 2.8V at r...

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Abstract

The invention provides lithium and lithium ion batteries in which the active material of one of the electrodes includes a substantial quantity of a fluoropolymer or fluoro-oligomer material having carbon-fluorine bonds. The fluoropolymer or fluoro-oligomer active material may be mixed with a substantial quantity of electrically conductive material, and may also be mixed with subfluorinated carbonaceous materials. The batteries of the invention are useful for elevated temperature applications. The invention also provides methods for electrochemical generation of energy which employ the batteries of the invention at elevated temperatures.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications [0002] This application claims priority to US Provisional Application No. 60 / 928,366, filed May 9, 2007, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference to the extent not inconsistent with the present disclosure. Background technique [0003] Fluorinated carbons are used industrially as cathode materials for lithium primary batteries. Fluorination of graphite intercalates fluorine between carbon layers. Known Li / CF x The battery system is capable of delivering up to 700Wh / kg, 1000Wh / l at a rate of C / 100 (ie battery current of 1 / 100 of the battery capacity per hour) at room temperature. (See, eg, Bruce, G. Development of a CFx D Cell for Man Portable Applications, in Joint Service Power Expo. 2005; and Gabano, J.P., ed. Lithium Batteries, by M. Fukuda & T. lijima. 1983, Academic Press: New York) . Cathodes in these systems usually have typically CF 1.05 to CF 1.1 carbon-fluorine stoichiometry. However, the disc...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): B01J19/12
CPCY02E60/12H01M2010/4292H01M10/39H01M4/602H01M4/625H01M2006/5094H01M4/60H01M4/133H01M4/1393H01M4/623H01M6/16H01M6/20H01M10/052Y02E60/10
Inventor R·亚兹密史清芳
Owner CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH
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