Apparatus and method for trapping bead based reagents within microfluidic analysis systems

Abstract

The present invention provides an on-chip packed reactor bed design that allows for an effective exchange of packing materials such as beads at a miniaturized level. The present invention extends the function of microfluidic analysis systems to new applications including on-chip solid phase extraction (SPE) and on-chip capillary electrochromatography (CEC). The design can be further extended to include integrated packed bed immuno- or enzyme reactors.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]The present invention relates generally to microfluidic analysis systems, and more specifically to micro-Total Analysis Systems μ-TAS), for performing liquid phase analysis at a miniaturized level.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]Recent developments in the field of micro-Total Analysis Systems (μ-TAS) have led to systems that perform chemical reactions, separation and detection at a miniaturized level on a single microchip [see, for example Harrison, D. J. ; Fluri, K.; Fan, Z.; Effenhauser, C.S.; and Manz, A., Science 1993, 261, 895-897. Harrison, D. J.; and van den Berg, E.; Eds., Micro Total Analysis Systems '98, Proceedings of the μTAS '98 Workshop (Kluwer: Dordrecht, 1998), Coyler, C. L.; Tang, T.; Chiem, N.; and Harrison, D. J., Electrophoresis 1997, 18 1733-1741].[0003]Most prior art microfluidic devices are based on conventional open tubular flow designs and solution phase reagents. While the functionality of these devices has continued to increase...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0008]Generally, the present invention provides an on-chip packed reactor bed design using one or more weir structures that allow for an effective exchange of packing materials (beads for example) at a miniaturized level. The present invention extends the function of microfluidic analysis systems to new applications. For example, the packed reactor bed formed according to the present invention allows on-chip solid phase extraction (SPE) and on-chip capillary electrochromatography (CEC), as explained in detail further below. The design can be further extended to include, for example, integrated packed bed immuni- or enzyme reactors.

Problems solved by technology

While the functionality of these devices has continued to increase, one key feature that is presently lacking in these prior art devices is the ability to effectively incorporate on-chip packed reactor beds, for introduction of packing materials with immobilized reagents or stationary phases.

While a few attempts have been made to employ packed reactor beds in some prior art designs, the difficulty of packing portions of a complex microfluidic manifold with packing material (such as microscopic beads) has so far hindered the effective utilization of these reagent deliver vehicles within microfluidic devices.

However, the packing material in this prior art design could not be readily packed or exchanged, thus limiting its utility.

Furthermore, using frits produced by prior art methods of construction often leads to the formation of undesirable bubbles.

]Bubbles cause discontinuity within a column, hindering solution flow and ultimately preventing separation from occurring.

The formation of bubbles, which have been observed to increase at higher voltages, also limits the amount of voltage that can be applied across the capillary, thereby limiting column lengthy, separation efficiency, and speed of analysis.

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