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Chiller apparatus containing cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and methods of producing cooling therein

a technology of cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and chiller apparatus, which is applied in the field of refrigerants, can solve the problems that the working fluids with zero odp cannot be environmentally acceptable, and achieve the effects of low gwp, reasonable cooling capacity and good energy efficiency

Inactive Publication Date: 2012-02-23
THE CHEMOURS CO FC LLC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0008]Cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene has been found to provide cooling performance within the required parameters (meaning good energy efficiency and reasonable cooling capacity), and to have low GWP, zero ODP, and be non-flammable.

Problems solved by technology

With regulations coming in force soon based on global warming potential, even the HFCs, with zero ODP will not be environmentally acceptable working fluids.

Method used

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  • Chiller apparatus containing cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and methods of producing cooling therein
  • Chiller apparatus containing cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and methods of producing cooling therein
  • Chiller apparatus containing cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and methods of producing cooling therein

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Cooling Performance for cis-HFO-1336mzz in a Centrifugal Chiller

[0085]The performance of cis-HFO-1336mzz in a centrifugal chiller is determined and compared to performance for HCFC-123. The data are shown in Table 1.

[0086]This Example assumes that an air conditioning application requires nominally 3,517 kJ / s (1,000 RT) of cooling. The evaporator temperature is to be kept at an average value of 4.44° C. (40° F.) to satisfy the requirements for building chilled water. The available cooling water to the condenser is to maintain an average condenser temperature of 37.78° C. (100° F.).

[0087]The requirements of the above application are met by a centrifugal chiller operating with HCFC-123 as the refrigerant. If no liquid subcooling and no vapor superheat are to be employed by such a chiller, the chiller performance approximates the performance summarized in Table 1 under column “HCFC-123.” An isentropic coefficient of performance of 7.36 is achieved. For a reasonable compressor isentropic...

example 2

Retrofit of a Chiller Using HCFC-123

[0090]This Example describes a retrofit scenario (Table 2), where cis-HFO-1336mzz replaces HCFC-123 in a chiller originally designed for HCFC-123. In this Example, the impeller rotational speed is reduced by 1.48%, from 79.49 rps to 78.32 rps, when using HFO-1336mzz instead of HCFC-123, to achieve the impeller tip speed of 187.46 m / s required to lift the new refrigerant from evaporator to condenser conditions. The required reduction in impeller rotational speed is achieved by adjusting the gears in the impeller drive box or by adjusting the motor operating frequency. It is reasonable to assume that the impeller flow coefficient under retrofit conditions remains approximately equal to its value for the original HCFC-123 design. Then the existing impeller, with a diameter of 0.762 m, rotating at the new speed of 78.32 revolutions per second (rps) provides a refrigerant vapor volumetric flow rate of 8.80 m3 / sec. This refrigerant flow rate provides a ...

example 3

Non-Flammability Testing

[0092]Lack of flammability of cis-HFO-1336mzz is determined according to the ASTM E681-2001 test procedure as required in ASHRAE Standard 34-2007 and described in Addendum p to ASHRAE Standard 34-2007. Test conditions were 60° C. and 100° C., with 50% relative humidity as prepared at 23° C.

[0093]Cis-HFO-1336mzz was found to be nonflammable at 60° C. and 100° C. This shows another property of importance to the air conditioning and refrigeration industries. Non-flammable refrigerants are required by many applications. Thus the nonflammable rating of cis-HFO-1336mzz will allow broad use of cis-HFO-1336mzz.

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Abstract

Disclosed herein are chiller apparatus containing cis-HFO-1336mzz. These chillers may be centrifugal chillers or positive displacment (e.g., screw) chillers and may comprise flooded evaporators or direct expansion evaporators. Also disclosed herein are methods for producing cooling comprising evaporating cis-HFO-1336mzz in the vicinity of a body to be cooled.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0001]1. Field of the Invention[0002]The present disclosure relates to the field of refrigerants for use in air conditioning or refrigeration equipment. In particular, the present disclosure relates to refrigerants for use in chillers including flooded evaporator chillers or direct expansion chiller systems.[0003]2. Description of Related Art[0004]Working fluids for various applications are being sought that have little if any environmental impact. The hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) working fluids adopted as replacements for chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) working fluids, have lower or no ozone depletion potential (ODP), but have been found to contribute to global warming. Additionally, the HCFCs will finally reach the phase out deadline set by the Montreal Protocol due to ODP. With regulations coming in force soon based on global warming potential, even the HFCs, with zero ODP will not be environmentally acceptable working fluids.[000...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): F25D15/00
CPCC09K5/045C09K2205/41C09K2205/24C09K2205/126F25B1/047F25B31/00F25B39/02
Inventor MINOR, BARBARA HAVILANDKONTOMARIS, KONSTANTINOSLECK, THOMAS J.
Owner THE CHEMOURS CO FC LLC
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