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Methods of treating cognitive impairment

a cognitive impairment and treatment method technology, applied in the field of cognitive impairment treatment, can solve the problems of memory loss progressing to such an extent that normal independent function is impossible, complain of memory difficulty, and worsening memory loss, so as to reduce or inhibit the progression of cognitive impairment, increase the cognitive response in the brain, and reduce the effect of cognitive impairmen

Inactive Publication Date: 2011-06-16
UNIV OF SOUTH FLORIDA
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The present invention provides materials and methods for treating people or animals with cognitive impairment by administering an inflammatory mediator that can cross the blood brain barrier. The inflammatory mediator can increase cognitive responses in the brain and provide a neural protective effect. The inflammatory mediator can be administered to a non-neural cell or tissue of the human or animal. The invention also concerns methods for decreasing or inhibiting the progression of cognitive impairment in people or animals with memory problems associated with cognitive functions or related dementias.

Problems solved by technology

The threshold most physicians use to make this judgment is that memory loss has progressed to such an extent that normal independent function is impossible; for instance, if one can no longer successfully manage one's own finances or provide for one's own basic needs.
However, many older individuals may complain of memory problems, but still manage to independently accomplish all their customary tasks.
In some cases, these memory difficulties are a sign that worsening memory loss is on the horizon.
The patient with MCI complains of difficulty with memory.
Typically, the complaints include trouble remembering the names of people they met recently, trouble remembering the flow of a conversation, and an increased tendency to misplace things, or similar problems.
These have demonstrated that, in general, these patients perform relatively poorly on formal tests of memory, even when compared with other individuals in their age group.
They also show mild difficulties in other areas of thinking, such as naming objects or people (coming up with the names of things) and complex planning tasks.
Careful questioning has also revealed that, in some cases, mild difficulties with daily activities, such as performing hobbies, are evident.
Several studies have demonstrated that memory complaints in the elderly are associated with a higher-than-normal risk of developing dementia in the future.
However, it is also clear that some patients with these complaints never develop dementia.
These include confirmation of memory difficulties by a knowledgeable informant (such as a spouse, child, or close friend), poor performance on objective memory testing, and any changes in the ability to perform daily tasks, such as hobbies or finances, handling emergencies, or attending to one's personal hygiene.
Although these above factors increase the chances of going on to develop dementia, it is not possible currently to predict with certainty which patients with MCI will or will not go on to develop dementia.

Method used

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  • Methods of treating cognitive impairment
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Examples

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example 1

[0106]Radial Arm Water Maze Testing—Working (short-term) memory is evaluated in the radial arm water maze (RAWM) task, using the same pool that was involved in both Morris water maze and platform recognition testing. This task also uses the same clear platform and visual cues as in Morris maze testing.

[0107]For the radial arm water maze task of spatial working memory, an aluminum insert was placed into a 100 cm circular pool to create 6 radially distributed swim arms emanating from a central circular swim area. An assortment of 2-D and 3-D visual cues surrounded the pool. The number of errors prior to locating which one of the 6 swim arms contained a submerged escape platform (9 cm diameter) was determined for 5 trials / day over 8 days of pre-treatment testing and 4 days of post-treatment testing. There was a 30-min time delay between the 4th trial (T4; final acquisition trial) and 5th trial (T5; memory retention trial). The platform location was changed daily to a different arm, wit...

example 2

[0130]Alzheimer's disease is an age-related, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that presents as increasing decline in cognitive and executive function. Alzheimer dementia is associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction (Humpel and Marksteiner (2005)), extracellular accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides in the brain parenchyma and vasculature walls (Rhodin et al. (2000); Scheuner et al. (1996)) (predominantly Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40), and intraneuronal accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles consisting of hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins (Rapoport et al. (2002)). Associated neuroinflammation may contribute to AD pathogenesis (Griffin et al. (1989); Akiyama et al. (2000); Wyss-Coray (2006)), as the inflammatory proteins apolipoprotein E (apoE) and a α1-Antichymotrypsin (ACT) catalyze the polymerization of Aβ peptides into amyloid filaments in vivo and in vitro (Wisniewski et al. (1994); Ma et al. (1996); Potter et al. (2001); Nilsson et al. (2004); Padmanabhan et al. (2006)). However,...

example 3

[0139]Four 10-12 month old PS / APP mice were stereotaxically injected with 5 μg rmGM-CSF into the hippocampus in one hemisphere of the brain and with vehicle (aCSF:

[0140]artificial cerebrospinal fluid) contralaterally. Mice were euthanized and saline-perfused 7 days later, fixed with 10% Formalin, and either cryosectioned at 14 μm or paraffin-embedded and sectioned at Sum. Standard immunohistochemical techniques used 6E10, and MabTech's anti-Aβ antibodies to label amyloid deposition. Microscopy and image processing were performed on a Zeiss ImagerZ1 using Axiovision software. ImageJ was utilized to quantify amyloid deposition.

[0141]Sixteen 10-12 month old PS / APP mice and sixteen non-transgenic age-matched controls were cognitively pretested by RAWM, a working memory paradigm. Eight mice from each group were semi-randomly chosen for sub-cutaneous injections (5 μg / day) of rmGM-CSF. The other half received daily injections of vehicle (saline). There was a 15 day rest period after pre-te...

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Abstract

The subject invention concerns materials and methods for treating a person or animal having cognitive impairment. In one embodiment, the method comprises administering an effective amount of one or more inflammatory mediator(s), for example, fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) ligand, interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-3 (IL-3), erythropoietin (EPO), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-1alpha), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte / macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), Stem Cell Factor (SCF), Darbepoetin (ARANESP), and metalloproteinases, to an animal or person in need of treatment.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION[0001]The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61 / 086,351, filed Aug. 5, 2008, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, including any figures, tables, nucleic acid sequences, amino acid sequences, and drawings.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]Memory loss has long been recognized as a common accompaniment of aging. The inabilities to recall the name of a recent acquaintance or the contents of a short shopping list are familiar experiences for everyone, and this experience seems to become more common as we age.[0003]Over the last few decades, the medical community has changed its view of memory loss in the elderly. These problems were viewed in the past as inevitable accompaniments of aging, often referred to as “senility” or “senior moments.” More recently, physicians have shifted their view of memory loss, such that memory impairment of a certain degree is now considered patholo...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K38/20A61K31/7088A61K38/19A61K38/18A61P25/00A61P25/28
CPCA61K38/1709A61K38/1816A61K38/193A61K2300/00A61P25/00A61P25/28A61K38/19A61K38/18A61K38/20
Inventor POTTER, HUNTINGTONARENDASH, GARY W.BENNETT, STEVENBOYD, TIMOTHY
Owner UNIV OF SOUTH FLORIDA
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