Synergistic domestic garbage and high-alkali coal pyrolysis gasification device and method adopting three-stage type process

Abstract

The invention discloses a synergistic domestic garbage and high-alkali coal pyrolysis gasification device and method adopting a three-stage type process. A pyrolysis chamber, a combustion chamber and a gasification chamber are sequentially connected to form a three-stage type synergistic domestic garbage and high-alkali coal pyrolysis treatment environment; a feeding system is connected to a pyrolysis chamber inlet; an ash collection device is arranged at each of ash collection ports of the pyrolysis chamber and the gasification chamber; the gasification chamber is connected and communicated with the pyrolysis chamber through a gas storage device; a domestic garbage material is conveyed into the pyrolysis chamber through a screw feeder, is dried on a reciprocating grate and is subjected to pyrolysis precipitation and volatilization; volatilized pyrolysis gas and tar enter the combustion chamber and are completely burned in the combustion chamber under enough air; high-alkali coal enters a central area of the gasification chamber and is in contact with flue gas generated by combustion for reaction, so that clean gasification gas is obtained and enters the gas storage device. The synergistic domestic garbage and high-alkali coal pyrolysis gasification device and method disclosed by the invention can effectively solve the problem that a large amount of tar and hydrogen chloride is contained in synthetic gas generated by a traditional domestic garbage gasification furnace can be effectively solved, so that the quality of the gasification gas is greatly improved, and the further utilization of the gasification gas is facilitated.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a domestic garbage treatment device and method, in particular to a three-stage process domestic garbage and high-alkali coal synergistic pyrolysis gasification device and method. [0002] Background of the invention [0003] Garbage disposal is a worldwide problem. A large amount of garbage not only occupies huge and valuable land resources, but also poses a huge threat to the ecological environment and human health. At the same time, domestic garbage is a kind of "misplaced resources", which has great development value and can turn waste into treasure. my country has huge resources of municipal solid waste, with an annual discharge of about 150 million tons, which is equivalent to about 25 million tons of standard coal. The utilization rate of energy treatment is less than 10%, and the potential for energy utilization is relatively large. Therefore, the harmless and resourceful treatment of domestic waste has become a research...

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Problems solved by technology

If combustible gas is used for power generation, it is necessary to store a large amount of gas to maintain the operation of the unit, which increases the cost of investment and operation; the second is that the problem of tar is serious, and tar is easy to bond with ash and water to block the pipeline and damage the metal. Equipment made of materials and plastic pipes have a strong corrosive effect, and high tar content reduces gasification efficiency and gas calorific value, causing equipment damage and reducing economic efficiency; the third is that the garbage composition is quite complex, compared to For traditional energy such as coal, it contains a large amount of plastics with PVC high-chlorine resin as the main source of organic chlorine and some inorganic salts with NaCl as the main source of inorganic chlorine. Therefore, in the process of garbage gasification, in addition to sulfur and nitrogen oxides In addition, the above-mentioned chlorine sources will also cause a large amount of HCl in the pollutant discharge, and the discharge of hydrogen chloride will directly lead to the formation of acid rain, causing damage to aquatic ecosystems, and hydrogen chloride gas also has a strong impact on the gasification equipment body of the gasifier. Corrosion will greatly shorten the service life of the gasifier. Hydrogen chloride is also the source of dioxins in the gasification process of domestic waste. A certain amount of fly ash will be produced in the high-temperature gasification of domestic waste. The fly ash contains macromolecules Carbon, incompletely burned carbon particles and catalytic substances (mainly transition state metals), these substances will react with hydrogen chloride in the flue gas to generate dioxins through gasification, chlorination and condensation reactions, which have strong semi-volatility and persistence, causing irreversible deformities to organisms, cancer and mutations, causing serious pollution to the environment

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