Continuous and overall biomass pyrolysis furnace

Abstract

The invention provides a continuous and overall biomass pyrolysis furnace which comprises a thermal insulation casing and a flue gas heat supply cavity, wherein a pyrolysis chamber is formed in the flue gas heat supply cavity. The biomass pyrolysis furnace is characterized in that a pyrolysis gas tar pyrolysis chamber and a semicoke calcination chamber are further formed in the flue gas heat supply cavity; the pyrolysis chamber, the pyrolysis gas tar pyrolysis chamber and the semicoke calcination chamber are vertically arranged in the flue gas heat supply cavity and penetrate through a spiral hot air channel, and upper ends and lower ends of the pyrolysis chamber, the pyrolysis gas tar pyrolysis chamber and the semicoke calcination chamber extend out of the flue gas heat supply cavity; and a material inlet is formed in the lower end of the pyrolysis chamber, a pyrolysis gas outlet and a semicoke outlet are formed in the upper end, the pyrolysis gas outlet in the upper end of the pyrolysis chamber is communicated with a pyrolysis gas inlet in the pyrolysis gas tar pyrolysis chamber, and the semicoke outlet is communicated with a semicoke inlet in the semicoke calcination chamber through a horizontal auger. According to the continuous and overall biomass pyrolysis furnace, three processes including pyrolysis, tar pyrolysis and semicoke calcination are implemented in a segmented manner in the same flue gas heat supply cavity, the whole reaction process is controlled effectively, the quality of charcoal and gas is improved, and the conversion efficiency is increased.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biomass thermochemistry, in particular to a continuous integral pyrolysis furnace for biomass. Background technique [0002] Biomass pyrolysis technology has become the focus of many renewable energy technology researches. It mainly uses biomass raw materials (such as biomass straw, forestry processing residues, livestock manure and domestic garbage, etc.) to decompose at high temperature to produce gas and biomass. charcoal technology. There are many kinds of biomass pyrolysis furnaces on the market at present, but the general biomass pyrolysis furnaces are intermittent and not convenient for industrial utilization, and there are also continuous ones, such as "a continuous biomass thermal furnace" published by the authorized publication number CN102776007B The carbon-decomposing gas-oil polygeneration system has advanced towards industrial utilization. The biomass raw material is continuously input into...

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Problems solved by technology

There are many kinds of biomass pyrolysis furnaces on the market at present, but the general biomass pyrolysis furnaces are intermittent and not convenient for industrial utilization, and there are also continuous ones, such as "a continuous biomass thermal furnace" published by the authorized publication number CN102776007B The carbon-dissolving gas-oil polygeneration system is advancing towards industrial utilization. The biomass raw material is continuously input into the high-temperature furnace body from the upper end, and undergoes pyrolysis reaction during the falling process, thereby continuously generating biomass carbon and combustible mixed gas.

However, after the raw material enters the high-temperature furnace body, it can only absorb heat efficiently during the free fall process. Once it falls and accumulates at the bottom, the heat absorption efficiency is greatly reduced, so the time for the pyrolysis process to efficiently absorb heat is relatively short; especially, biomass There are many types of raw materials and different properties, and the reaction time required for the pyrolysis process varies. If it cannot be adjusted dynamically, the reaction will be incomplete, and the tar content in the gas will be too much, which will increase the complexity and difficulty of the subsequent purification mechanism.

The system needs to be composed of pyrolysis, tar cracking and other separate equipment. The system structure is complex, the internal friction is too high, and the heat utilization rate is low.

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