Catalyst as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a catalyst as well as a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps of: contacting a soluble nickel salt, a soluble salt compound of metal M, a silicon source capable of providing silicon dioxide and a precipitating agent capable of precipitating nickel and / or metal M ions, filtering a product obtained through contact, and drying and roasting obtained solids in sequence, wherein M is selected from one or some of IB, IIB, IIA and VIIIth groups of metal besides Ni. The catalyst prepared according to the preparation method disclosed by the invention is applied to preparation of trichlorosilane from silicon tetrachloride through hydrogenation. Compared with the conventional aluminum-based catalyst, the catalyst prepared according to the preparation method disclosed by the invention has the following advantages that: a SiO2 carrier is stable in a reaction atmosphere for preparing the trichlorosilane from the silicon tetrachloride through hydrogenation, a catalyst skeleton is not easily damaged as a carrier in the traditional hydrogenation catalyst and has longer service life, and the catalyst is increased in activity compared with nickel salt and copper salt catalysts which are commonly used in the prior art.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a catalyst preparation method, a catalyst prepared by the method, and an application thereof in preparing trichlorosilane by hydrogenation of silicon tetrachloride. Background technique [0002] In recent years, with the depletion of traditional energy sources worldwide and the continuous increase in oil prices, the world is actively developing and utilizing renewable energy. As a renewable clean energy, solar energy has developed rapidly because of its cleanliness, safety and abundant resources. Therefore, the demand for high-purity polycrystalline silicon as a raw material for solar cells is increasing. [0003] In the polysilicon production process, the production of 1 ton of polysilicon will produce more than 10 tons of silicon tetrachloride and about 1-5 tons of hydrogen chloride. Since there is no large-scale, efficient and safe digestion and treatment of SiCl produced in the process of producing polysilicon 4 However,...

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Problems solved by technology

[0009] It can be seen from the background technology that the commonly used supported nickel-based catalysts of the prior art are generally used to carry out the hydrogenation of silicon tetrachloride, and there is still no special catalyst for the hydrogenation of silicon tetrachloride, while the commonly used supported nickel-based catalysts of the prior art are used for hydrogenation of silicon tetrachloride. In the hydrogenation process of silicon tetrachloride, the stability of the catalyst is poor, which leads to problems such as easy loss of active components and easy agglomeration

Therefore, the inventors of the present invention broke the conventional thinking and found that in the traditional loading process for preparing hydrogenation catalysts (generally, the loading process in which soluble salts are used to load the carrier), a precipitant is added for loading, and metal M is introduced as the active group. points, the catalyst prepared according to the method of the present invention can be used in the reaction of preparing trichlorosilane by the hydrogenation of silicon tetrachloride no longer exists the problem that the aforementioned poor stability leads to a decrease in activity. Based on this finding, the present invention has been completed

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