Bast crops processing line

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for primary processing of bast-fiber crops and can be used to obtain the same type straw fibers and shives or flax and hemp fibers. The bast crops processing line consists of the sequentially installed recoiling machine, dividing and scutching machine, breaking machine, the machine for scutching raw fibers without pressing tow shaker and shive-fiber waste transportation system, while the latter is fitted with a crushing device. The dividing and scutching machine makes it possible to form a layer of raw material with a definite and optimal density for processing, to card and separate shives from fibers. The machine for scutching raw fibers without pressing provides an intensive separation of shives from fibers, considerably facilitating further separation of free shives in the tow shaker. The crushing device improves reliability of the chive-fiber waste transportation system.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]The present application is a national stage application from the PCT application PCT / UA2018 / 000040 filed Apr. 25, 2018, which claims priority to Ukranian application No. a201707867 filed Jul. 27, 2017, all of which incorporated herein by reference by their entirety.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0002]The present invention relates to an apparatus for primary processing of bast-fiber crops and can be used to obtain the same type straw fibers and shives or flax and hemp fibers. Moreover, the invention makes it possible to obtain fibers with low shive content.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0003]One of the commonly known tow preparing apparatuses is the KPML-2M apparatus, Markov V.V. Initial processing of linen and other bast crops; Markov V.V. Light and food industry, 1981-376 c., which consists of a divider, breaking machine, scutching sections, tow shaker and pneumatic conveying system. Raw material processing by using the KPML-2M tow preparing appara...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The present invention aims to improve the process of processing bast crop stams by changing the set of machines and applying new technical solutions. Specifically, the invention includes a layer-forming and scutching machine that improves the formation of a raw material layer with a desired density for processing. The machine also has the ability to separate out shves from fibers and feed them into a breaking machine. Another machine, designed without pressing, further separates shves from fibers, making it easier to process the fibers. Additionally, there is a shive-fiber waste transportation system fitted with a crushing device to prevent clogging of air ducts with large shíve particles. The invention results in an efficient and effective process, requiring less stringent processing modes, less powerful equipment, and reduced energy consumption.

Problems solved by technology

However, due to the large number of mechanisms included in the apparatus, the processing line has high energy and metal intensity.

However, this apparatus is designed to process only one type of raw material—flax straw.

The disadvantage of such a line is that the process of shives separation is more complicated and that the shives are discharged (in the sense of “extracted”) only at the last stage of fiber processing.

The spiked feeder does not perform carding and scutching functions, nor separate and extract free shives.

As a result, the raw materials layer remains unparallelized and with the initial shives content throughout the entire processing process.

And this, in turn, complicates the process of breaking and separating shives, as practical studies have shown that the best effectiveness of the breaking process can be achieved when the bast fiber complexes are parallelized and, at the same time, oriented as close as possible to the direction of movement of the raw materials layer (that is, maximally perpendicular to the axes of rollers of the breaking machine).

Consequently, such a line does not make it possible to obtain fibers with a guaranteed high degree of purification from the shives.

The disadvantage of this line is also that the process of shives separation is more complicated and that the shives are extracted only at the last stage of fiber processing.

As a result, the process of straightening and parallelization of fibers taking place at the penultimate stage of processing together with the process of shives extraction taking place at the final stage of processing the bast-fiber complexes do not provide for obtaining fibers with a guaranteed high degree of purification from the shives and high efficiency of the line.

However, during processing, a too thick layer of raw materials is formed.

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