Non-natural amino acids and neurotensin analogues

Abstract

This invention relates to methods of synthesis of amino acid analogs contained within peptide sequences that is adapted for preparation of peptides containing analogs of basic amino acids lysine and arginine.

Description

[0001]This patent application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 11 / 629,806, filed Dec. 15, 2006, and presently pending, which is a U.S. national stage entry under 35 U.S.C. §371 from PCT / US2005 / 021580, filed Jan. 17, 2005, and published as WO2006 / 009902 A2 on Jan. 26, 2006, which claims the benefit of priority of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60 / 581,333, filed Jun. 17, 2004; all of which are herein incorporated by reference.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]The influence that some non-natural amino acids have on the structural and biological activity of peptides has been briefly studied. For example, Moore et al. (Can. J. Biochem. 1978, 56, 315) disclosed the effect of the basic amino acid side chain length and the penultimate residue on the hydrolysis of benzoyldipeptides by carboxylicpeptidase B1 (CPB). Non-natural amino acids including homolysine and homoarginine were incorporated into small peptide chains, and the kinetic parameters were determined for the CPB ca...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0049]The substitution of desamino amino acid moiety for an arginine or lysine moiety of a biologically active peptide provides a truncated peptide having selective, long-lasting biological activity. Any known biologically active peptide having an arginine and / or lysine moiety within its amino acid sequence can serve as the basis for the corresponding truncated peptide. Beginning at that ARG or LYS moiety, the truncated peptide will have the same downstream sequence as the known, biologically active peptide but the upstream sequence will be absent. In addition, that ARG or LYS moiety will be exchanged for a desamino amino acid moiety, thus providing the truncated peptide. Several known biologically active peptides are penultimately formed as pro-peptides with an arginine or lysine moiety at the pro-peptide or precursor cleavage position, or are formed as final peptides containing an arginine or lysine moiety at a position that can be cleaved to provide an active truncated peptide. Trypsin is an enzyme specific for such cleavage points. Examples include glucagon-like peptide, neurotensin, proinsulin, and thrombin. The truncated versions of these examples with a desamino amino acid compound substituted for the arginine or lysine moiety provide selective, long-lasting biological activity.

Problems solved by technology

Inherent in the chemistry and biology of peptides, however, are several factors that also make them poor drug candidates.

In addition, most peptides are unable to cross biological membranes, including the small intestine and blood brain barrier (BBB).

Finally, peptides often bind to more than one receptor or receptor subtype, thus rarely showing the selectivity required of a viable drug candidate.

Other therapeutic compounds employ a prodrug moiety intended to modify its overall hydrophobicity, which can result in the compound crossing biological membranes.

While each of these strategies has been used to improve peptides as drug candidates, a universal solution for creating stable, receptor-selective peptides that cross biological barriers has not been discovered.

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