Red blood cells loaded with s-nitrosothiol and uses therefor

Inactive Publication Date: 2008-09-11
STAMLER JONATHAN S +3
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Problems solved by technology

Furthermore, under some conditions, reactions of NO with other components present in cells and in body fluids can generate toxic intermediates and products at local concentrations in tissues which are effective at inhibiting the growth of infectious organisms.

Method used

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  • Red blood cells loaded with s-nitrosothiol and uses therefor
  • Red blood cells loaded with s-nitrosothiol and uses therefor
  • Red blood cells loaded with s-nitrosothiol and uses therefor

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

example 1

Interactions of NO and RSNO with Hb

[0112]It was observed that naturally occurring N-oxides, such as NO and RSNOs (Gaston, B., et al. (1993; Scharfstein, J. S., et al., J. Clin. Invest. 94:1432-1439 (1994); Clancy, R. M., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:3680-3684 (1994)), differed markedly in their reactions with Hb. NO bound very rapidly to deoxyHb (Hb[FeII]), forming relatively stable Hb[FeII]NO complexes (FIG. 1A), and converted oxyHb (Hb[FeII]O2) to methemoglobin (Hb[FeIII]) and nitrate (FIG. 1B), confirming previous reports (Olson, J. S., Methods in Enzymol. 76:631-651 (1981); Toothill, C., Brit. J. Anaesthy., 39:405-412 (1967)). In contrast, RSNOs were found to participate in transnitrosation reactions with sulfhydryl groups of Hb, forming S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb), and did not react with the heme centers of either deoxyHb or Hb(FeII)O2 (FIGS. 1C and 1D).

A. Interaction of NO with deoxyHb

[0113]Conversion of deoxyHb (Hb[FeII]) to Hb(FeII)NO is observed upon incubation of...

example 2

Allosteric Function of O2 in Regulation of Hb S-Nitrosylation

[0118]Oxygenation of Hb is associated with conformational changes that increase the reactivity of cysβ93 to alkylating reagents (Garel, C., et al., J. Biochem., 123:513-519 (1982); Jocelyn, P. C., Biochemistry of the SH Group, Academic Press, London, p. 243 (1972); Craescu, C. T., et al., J. Biol. Chem., 261:14710-14716 (1986)). The physiological importance of this effect has not been explained previously. We observed that rates of S-nitrosylation of Hb were markedly dependent on conformational state. In the oxy conformation (R state), S-nitrosylation was more rapid than in the deoxy conformation (T state) (FIG. 2A). The rate of S-nitrosylation was accelerated in both conformations by alkaline conditions (i.e., rate at pH 9.2>pH 7.4), which would tend to expose the cysβ93 that is otherwise screened from reaction by the C-terminal histidine 146β. The salt bridge (asp β94-his β146) tying down the histidine residue is loosene...

example 3

NO-Related Interactions with Cysteine Residues of Hb in Physiological Systems

[0123]Given that Hb is largely contained within red blood cells, potential mechanisms by which S-nitrosylation of intracellular protein might occur were explored. Incubation of oxygenated rat red blood cells with S-nitrosocysteine resulted in very rapid formation of intracellular SNO-Hb(FeII)O2 (FIG. 3A). Rapid oxidation of Hb was not observed under these conditions. Intraerythrocytic SNO-Hb also formed when red blood cells were treated with S-nitrosohomocysteine or S-nitrosocysteinylglycine, but not with S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Thus, erythrocyte access of RSNOs is thiol group specific. Exposure of oxygenated red blood cells to NO resulted primarily in metHb formation.

Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor (EDRF) and Hemoglobin

[0124]Hb-mediated inhibition of endothelium-dependent relaxations is commonly used as a marker of NO responses. Inasmuch as reactions with either metal or thiol centers of Hb should...

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Abstract

Red blood cells can be loaded with low molecular weight nitrosylating agents, such as S-nitrosothiols, to act as a delivery system for NO+ groups to tissues. Loaded red blood cells can be used in methods of therapy for conditions which are characterized by abnormal O2 metabolism of tissues, oxygen-related toxicity, abnormal vascular tone, abnormal red blood cell adhesion, or abnormal O2 delivery by red blood cells. Such treatment of red blood cells can be extended to in vivo therapies, with the object to achieve an increase in the ratio of red blood cell S-nitrosothiol to hemoglobin.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11 / 179,349 filed on Jul. 12, 2005, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09 / 724,305 filed on Nov. 28, 2000, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08 / 873,679 filed on Jun. 12, 1997 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,203,789), which is a continuation-in-part of PCT / US96 / 14664 filed on Sep. 13, 1996, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08 / 616,255 filed on Mar. 15, 1996 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,153,186), which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 003,801 filed on Sep. 15, 1995. The teachings of all of the above applications are each incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.GOVERNMENT SUPPORT[0002]The invention was made with Government support under Grant No. HL52529 awarded by the National Institutes of Health. The Government has certain rights in the invention.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0003]Interactions...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K33/00A61K31/195A61P9/00A61K31/00A61K31/04A61K31/095A61K31/198A61K35/18A61K38/00A61K38/42A61K47/48A61P5/30A61P5/42A61P7/00A61P7/06A61P11/00C07K14/00C12N5/08G01N21/63G01N21/76G01N33/72
CPCA61K31/00A61K31/04A61K31/095A61K31/195A61K33/00A61K35/18G01N33/721A61K47/48307A61K47/48776C07K14/00G01N21/631G01N21/76A61K47/48023A61K47/54A61K47/6445A61K47/6901A61P5/30A61P5/42A61P7/00A61P7/06A61P9/00A61P9/02A61P9/10A61P11/00A61P31/00Y02A50/30
Inventor STAMLER, JONATHAN S.BONAVENTURA, JOSEPHPAWLOSKI, JOHN R.MCMAHON, TIMOTHY J.
Owner STAMLER JONATHAN S
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