Fc Variants Having Decreased Affinity for FcyRIIc

Abstract

The present invention relates to Fc variants having decreased affinity for FcγRIIc, methods for their generation, Fc polypeptides comprising optimized Fc variants, and methods for using optimized Fc variants.

Description

[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11 / 124,620, filed May 5, 2005, which claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Ser. No. 60 / 568,440, filed May 5, 2004; Ser. No. 60 / 589,906 filed Jul. 20, 2004; Ser. No. 60 / 627,026 filed Nov. 9, 2004; Ser. No. 60 / 626,991 filed Nov. 10, 2004; Ser. No. 60 / 627,774 filed Nov. 12, 2004, Ser. No. 60 / 531,752, filed Dec. 22, 2003; and, Ser. No. 60 / 531,891, filed Dec. 22, 2003; and which is continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 10 / 822,231, filed Mar. 26, 2004; which is continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 10 / 672,280, filed Sep. 26, 2003; which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 10 / 379,392, filed Mar. 3, 2003, all of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] The present invention relates to novel optimized Fc variants, engineering methods for their generation, and their application, particularly for therapeutic purposes. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] Antibodies are immunolo...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0029] It is a further object of the present invention to provide Fc variants that mediate effector function more effectively in the presence of effector cells. In one embodiment, said Fc variants mediate ADCC that is greater than that mediated by the parent Fc polypeptide. In a preferred embodiment, said Fc variants mediate ADCC that is more than 5-fold greater than that mediated by the parent Fc polypeptide. In a mostly preferred embodiment, said Fc variants mediate ADCC that is between 5-fold and 1000-fold greater than that mediated by the parent Fc polypeptide.

[0030] It is a further object of the present invention to provide Fc variants that bind with weaker affinity to one or more FcγRs. It is a further object of the present invention to provide Fc variants that mediate ADCC in the presence of effector cells less effectively.

[0031] It is a further object of the present invention to provide Fc variants that have improved function and / or solution properties as compared to the aglycosylated form of the parent Fc polypeptide. Improved functionality herein includes but is not limited to binding affinity to an Fc ligand. Improved solution properties herein includes but is not limited to stability and solubility. In an one embodiment, said Fc variants bind to an FcγR with an affinity that is within about 0.5-fold of the glycosylated form of the parent Fc polypeptide. In an alternate embodiment, said aglycosylated Fc variants bind to an FcγR with an affinity that is comparable to the glycosylated parent Fc polypeptide. In an alternate embodiment, said Fc variants bind to an FcγR with an affinity that is greater than the glycosylated form of the parent Fc polypeptide.

Problems solved by technology

Yet another level of complexity is the existence of a number of FcγR polymorphisms in the human proteome.

Despite this arsenal of anti-tumor weapons, the potency of antibodies as anti-cancer agents is unsatisfactory, particularly given their high cost.

Antibodies must be expressed in mammalian cells, and the currently marketed antibodies together with other high-demand biotherapeutics consume essentially all of the available manufacturing capacity.

First, it dramatically raises the cost of goods to the producer, a cost that is passed on to the patient.

Second, it hinders industrial production of approved antibody products, limiting availability of high demand therapeutics to patients.

Finally, because clinical trials require large amounts of a protein that is not yet profitable, the insufficient supply impedes progress of the growing antibody pipeline to market.

This may result in reduced or even lack of effector function because, as discussed above, the carbohydrate structure can significantly impact FcγR and complement binding.

A potentially greater problem with nonhuman glycoforms may be immunogenicity; carbohydrates are a key source of antigenicity for the immune system, and the presence of nonhuman glycoforms has a significant chance of eliciting antibodies that neutralize the therapeutic, or worse cause adverse immune reactions.

Thus the efficacy and safety of antibodies produced by transgenic plants and animals remains uncertain.

For complex proteins such as antibodies there are a number of obstacles to bacterial expression, including folding and assembly of these complex molecules, proper disulfide formation, and solubility, stability, and functionality in the absence of glycosylation because proteins expressed in bacteria are not glycosylated.

However the ultimate utility of bacterially expressed antibodies as therapeutics remains hindered by the lack of glycosylation, which results in lack effector function and may result in poor stability and solubility.

This will likely be more problematic for formulation at the high concentrations for the prolonged periods demanded by clinical use.

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