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Wood adhesives containing solid residues of biomass fermentations

a technology of biomass fermentation and wood adhesive, which is applied in the direction of non-macromolecular adhesive additives, microorganisms, microcapsules, etc., can solve the problems of high cost associated with enzymatic route, inability to economically viable process, and high cost of enzymatic route to produce fungal enzymes with low inherent specific activities

Inactive Publication Date: 2006-10-19
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0013] Other objects and advantages of this invention will become readily apparent from the ensuing description.

Problems solved by technology

Though research on bioconversion of cellulosic materials to ethanol has largely focused on chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass with subsequent fermentation of sugars by yeast, the process is not economically viable for a variety of reasons (Lynd et al.
The chemical hydrolysis route suffers from a requirement for postprocessing (e.g., neutralization of the hydrolysate, the costly handling of waste products, and the removal or treatment of fermentation inhibitors formed during hydrolysis).
The enzymatic route involves high costs associated with producing fungal enzyme with low inherent specific activities.
In unrelated work, the incorporation of natural products into chemical, industrial adhesive formulations has been explored (Loetscher, U.S. Pat. No. 1,959,433, 1934, Feigley, U.S. Pat. No. 2,868,743, 1959, Conner et al., J. Wood Chem. Technol. 6:591-613, 1986, Addition to phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins of carbohydrates with large amounts of reducing end groups is known to result in loss of adhesive properties if the carbohydrate exceeds about 10 percent of the weight of the PF resin (Feigley 1959 supra).
The resulting mixed resins show acceptable strength under dry conditions, but often display reduced adhesive strength under wet or humid conditions (Lambuth 1994).

Method used

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  • Wood adhesives containing solid residues of biomass fermentations
  • Wood adhesives containing solid residues of biomass fermentations
  • Wood adhesives containing solid residues of biomass fermentations

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Preparation of R. albus Fermentation Residues Containing Bioadhesive from Microcrystalline Cellulose

Preparation Procedure.

[0035]Ruminococcus albus (strain 7) and Ruminococcus flavefaciens (strains B34b and FD-1) were revived from 80° C. glycerol stocks, and were grown at 39° C. under a CO2 atmosphere. The medium was a modified Dehority medium (MDM), which contained the following (per liter): 0.9 g KH2PO4, 3.2 g Na2CO3, 0.90 g NaCl, 0.73 g NH4Cl, 0.085 g MgCl2.6H2O, 0.066 g CaCl2.2H2O, 0.028 g MnCl2.4H2O, 0.02 g FeSO4.7H2O, 0.01 g ZnCl2, 0.002 g CoCl2.6H2O, 0.002 g resazurin, 0.5 g yeast extract, 1.0 g cysteine HCl, 10 ml of Schaefer's vitamin mixture (Schaefer et al., J. Dairy Sci. 63:1248-1263, 1980, but amended with 0.125 mg of tetrahydrofolic acid per liter of vitamin mix) and 0.067 ml each of isobutyric, 2-methylbutyric, n-valeric and isovaleric acids. For R. albus 7, the medium was also amended with 25 μM of 3-phenylpropanoic acid (PPA, Morrison et al., Appl. Environ. Microb...

example 2

Adhesive Preparation (R. albus Fermentation Residue from Microcrystalline Cellulose)

[0039] The following adhesive sources were used for the construction of plywood panels: phenol formaldehyde (PF, 42% solids; Neste Resins Corp., Springfield, Oreg.); wet fermentation residue (WFR) from R. albus 7 fermentation as prepared in Example 1 (33% solids in water, never dried); and lyophilized fermentation residue (LFR) from four separate Ruminococcus fermentations as prepared in Example 1 (each mixed with water to 33% solids). The adhesives were formulated according to Table 3. When mixing the LFR and PF together, the LFR was initially mixed with water until smooth, and then the PF was added and mixed well. PF, when used without fermentation residue, was supplemented with GLU-X (The Robertson Corporation, Brownstown, Ind.), a wheat-derived protein and starch product commonly used as a glue extender.

example 3

Plywood Panel Layup (R. albus Fermentation Residue from Microcrystalline Cellulose)

[0040] Aspen veneer, 178×178×3 mm (7×7×⅛ inch) thick was conditioned to equilibrium moisture content at 27° C., 30% relative humidity (RH). Adhesive prepared as described in Example 2 was weighed onto veneers as required for the construction of three-ply panels and spread evenly across the veneer with a spatula. Veneer sheets were arranged in a cross-ply pattern (i.e., the wood grain in the middle sheet was oriented perpendicular to the grain of the outer sheets) and were pressed at 180° C. and 1.125 MPa (163 lb / in2). The adhesives used, singly or in combination, along with pressing times, are shown in Table 3.

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Abstract

A bioadhesive composition for bonding together adjacent surfaces of wood comprises a microbially-produced fermentation residue containing adherent microbial cells and glycocalyx. This residue finds particular application as a replacement for a significant amount of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) or other conventional adhesive component commonly used in the production of plywood and other wood products.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] 1. Field of the Invention [0002] This invention relates to the use of a microbially-produced fermentation residue as a component in adhesives for wood products. [0003] 2. Description of the Prior Art [0004] Over the last several decades renewable resources have contributed an increasing share of fuel and chemical production in developed countries. One of the largest of these contributors has been ethanol produced by fermentation and used as a gasoline additive. Commercial ethanol is produced almost exclusively by saccharification of starch (usually from corn) and subsequent fermentation of the sugars by Saccharomyces yeast. The development of fermentations based on cellulosic biomass, instead of on starch, has remained attractive because of the low cost and great abundance of cellulosic materials, either directly from biomass energy crops, or from agroforestry wastes (Lynd et al., Biotechnol. Prog. 15:777-793, 1999). [0005] Though research on bioco...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C08L5/00A61K9/50C08L61/00C09JC09J5/00C09J11/06C12N1/00C12P1/04C12P19/04C12P21/00
CPCC08L61/00C09J5/00C12P21/005C09J2400/303C12P19/04C09J11/06
Inventor WEIMER, PAUL J.LORENZ, LINDA F.CONNER, ANTHONY H.FRIHART, CHARLES R.
Owner UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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