Methods for increasing the frequency of apomixis expression in angiosperms

A technology of apomictic reproduction and increasing frequency, applied in the field of increasing the expression frequency of apomictic reproduction in angiosperms, and can solve the problems of low apomictic penetrance, instability, etc.

Inactive Publication Date: 2007-06-20
UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY
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  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Thus, sexually derived offspring of genetically unstable facultative apomicts tend to express lower apomictic penetrance

Method used

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  • Methods for increasing the frequency of apomixis expression in angiosperms
  • Methods for increasing the frequency of apomixis expression in angiosperms
  • Methods for increasing the frequency of apomixis expression in angiosperms

Examples

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Embodiment 1

[0185] SELECTION OF STRAINS OF PILLARIZA PLANTS PRODUCING APOCOMITIC ENHANCED PLANTS

[0186] Apomixis was first described at the embryological level in Antennaria alpina (Juel 1900). Papilionaceae (x=14) are dioecious herbaceous perennials, usually with stolons. Morphology-based clade analysis of 32 sexually diploid species combined with analysis of sequenced internally transcribed spacers (ITS-1 & ITS-2) of nuclear endosomal DNA indicated that the genus Pteropus consists of 6 Clade composition (Bayer 1990; Bayer et al. 1996). Apomixis occurs only in the Catepes clade, which contains 17 of the 32 sexual Pteropus species and 4x to 12x sexual and apomictic polyploidy (Bayer and Stebbins 1987; Bayer and Minish 1993) . All members of this group have stolons and are sexually dimorphic. Five geographically divergent complexes (agamic complexes) obtained by hybridization between sexual and apomictic species of the genus Pteropus, A.alpine(L.)Gaetn., A.howellii E.L.Greene , A....

Embodiment 2

[0193] Selection of Sorghum lines from which plants with enhanced apomixis can be produced

[0194] There is evidence of low levels of facultative apomictic seed formation (no more than 25%) in at least some Sorghum lines (Hanna et al. 1970; Tang et al. 1980; Schertz 1992; Bala Ravi 1993). To assess whether apomixis in these lines arose from crossing rather than accidental mutation, we tested the null hypothesis that apomixis could not have arisen by crossing ancestral lines of known facultative apomictic Sorghum of hybrids produced. To our knowledge, this simple test has never been performed before, ie, conventional wisdom holds that apomixis arises by mutation. Progenitors of two facultative apomixis Sorghum lines 'R473' and '302' were obtained. The ancestors of R437 were 'IS 2942' (day-neutral Kafir line) and 'Aispuri' (short-day Indian variety) (Tang et al. 1980). The ancestors of 302 were 'IS 3922' and 'Karad Local' (Rana et al. 1981). A total of 20 species of Sorgh...

Embodiment 3

[0199] Characterization of GDS variation in Sorghum lines and generation of plants expressing apomixis

[0200] Pistils for cytological analysis were sacrificed, fixed, cleared and visualized by DIC microscopy as described in Peel et al. (1997a,b). Obtain MMC, dyad, triad / tetrad, functional megaspore, 1-nucleated embryo sac, 2-nucleated embryo sac, 4-nucleated embryo sac, early 8-nucleated embryo sac, mature embryo sac, exposed stigma and mature seeds Phase cytology data. For each ovule analyzed, the following data were obtained: meiotic or embryo sac development stage, pistil length and width, integument length and width, and sex mother cell or embryo sac length and width. Tables 3-4 illustrate a summary of data from MMC to mature embryo sac stages used for GDS characterization of Sorghum lines (data from line SB1001.1 shown). Additional data tables are used to obtain cytological data at the stigma-exposed and mature seed stages. Plants of Table 2 were cultivated, embryo...

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Abstract

The present invention is directed to the seed-to-seed perpetuation of hybrid vigor and other traits through apomixis (asexual seed formation) in flowering plants (angiosperms). More particularly, to predictable methods for producing, from sexual or facultatively-apomictic plants, progeny plants that express an increased percentage of apomictic seed set or one or more elements of apomixis. This invention uses: plant cytoembryology procedures to identify and select a plant or group of plants that possess appropriate genetic variability for initiation times and durations of megasporogenesis (female meiosis), embryo sac formation, egg and central cell formation and maturation, fertilization, embryony and endosperm formation; plant breeding procedures to produce numerous and divergent genetically-recombined early to late generation progeny such that embryo sac formation preempts megasporogenesis and embryony preempts fertilization; and plant cyto-embryology or progeny test procedures to select segregant plants that express an increased frequency of one or more elements of apomixis.

Description

technical field [0001] The present invention relates to the perpetuation of heterosis and other traits in flowering plants (angiosperms) from seed to seed by apomictic (vegetative seed formation) means. More specifically, the present invention provides a predictable method for producing progeny plants from sexual or facultative apomictic plants expressing an increased percentage of ovules in which normal sexual development is replaced by asporotic or diapomic diplosporous (apomictic) embryo sac formation, parthenogenesis (formation of an embryo from an egg without fertilization), adventitious embryony (formation of an embryo from a cell other than an egg), or autonomous type (central cells unfertilized) or pseudofertilized type (central cell fertilization) instead of endosperm formation. The present invention also describes the embryological phenotypes necessary for mapping and cloning the genes responsible for apomixis. The present invention: the use of plant cell embryolog...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): A01H1/00A01H1/02A01H5/00
Inventor J·G·卡曼
Owner UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY
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