Compositions and methods using combination of calcium and at least one of oleuropein or metabolite thereof
A technology of oleuropein and metabolites, applied in compositions for improving and maintaining muscle function or reducing loss of muscle function, at least one combination to enhance the field, capable of solving problems such as difficulty in taking preventive or therapeutic measures
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[0073] Oleuropein is a polyphenol present in the fruits, roots, trunks and more particularly leaves of plants belonging to the family Oleaceae, and especially olives. figure 1 The chemical structure of oleuropein is shown. Oleuropein is 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (also known as hydroxytyrosol, in figure 1 marked "A") and olive acid (in figure 1 marked "B" in ), which contain glucose molecules (in figure 1 marked as "C"). figure 2 The metabolic pathways of oleuropein by mammalian and microbial enzymes of the present invention are shown based on findings reported in the literature.
[0074] One aspect of the present disclosure is a method of achieving at least one result selected from (i) improving mitochondrial calcium uptake in muscle cells, (ii) improving calcium utilization in muscle cells, (iii) increasing muscle cell Mitochondrial energy in, (iv) improving at least one of muscle function, muscle performance, or muscle strength, (v) reducing muscle fatigue or weakness,...
Embodiment 1
[0115] To test the effects of oleuropein, its metabolites, and calcium supplementation / deficiency in living cells, the inventors measured mitochondrial calcium elevation in HeLa cells and myotubes differentiated from mouse C2C12 cells and human primary adult muscle cells . HeLa cells and C2C12 cells were purchased from ATCC. Human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMM) were purchased from Lonza. HSMMs were isolated from upper arm or leg muscle tissue of normal donors and used after the second passage. HeLa cells were seeded in a 96-well plate at a density of 50,000 cells / well in minimal essential medium (DMEM, Gibco), high glucose+10% fetal bovine serum. C2C12 cells were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 8000 cells / well in DMEM high glucose (Gibco) + 10% fetal calf serum. Myotubes were differentiated from C2C12 cells by growing cells in DMEM containing 2% horse serum for 4 days. HSMMs were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 8000 cells / well in DMEM / F-12 (Gibco). Myo...
Embodiment 2
[0120] To test the effects of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol on mitochondrial respiration and to assess the effects of these compounds on the ATP synthase-dependent component of respiration, the inventors measured oxygen consumption in human skeletal muscle myotubes. For respiration experiments, oxygen consumption in myotubes was measured using an XF96 instrument (Seahorse Biosciences, MA). On and after day 2, human myotubes were inoculated into polyornithine-coated Seahorse tissue plates, and the cells were incubated with (in mM) 140NaCl, 3.6KCl, 0.5NaH 2 PO 4 , 0.5MgSO 4 , 1.5CaCl 2 , 10Hepes, 5NaHCO 3 , 10 glucose and Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate Hepes buffer (KRBH) pH 7.4 and washed twice. Respiration rate was measured every 6 minutes at 37°C. ATP synthase-dependent respiration was calculated as the difference in respiration rate before and after addition of oligomycin. Experiments were performed at 37°C.
[0121] Such as Figure 9 showed that oleuropein and hydroxytyro...
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