Implant for maxillofacial bone defect repair, and preparation method of implant

Abstract

The invention discloses an implant for maxillofacial bone defect repair, and a preparation method of the implant. The implant structurally comprises a fixing unit and a porous structure part; the porous structure part is integrally connected with the fixing unit; the fixing unit comprises a screw hole and a first through hole; the fixing unit is matched with a healthy residual bone in shape; the porous structure part is located in the middle of the fixing unit and comprises a second through hole and an implant reserved socket; the porous structure part is filled in a maxillofacial disease bonearea or defect area; and the shape and size of the porous structure part are matched with the jaw anatomical structure of the maxillofacial disease bone area or defect area. According to the invention, personalized customization can be realized according to individual needs of patients; the implant is light in weight and low in material cost; meanwhile, the modulus of the implant is also reduced;therefore, the stress shielding effect caused by mismatching of the implant and the bone tissue modulus is avoided; the porous structure has the biological functions of promoting bone tissue ingrowth, vascularization and the like; and meanwhile, intraoperative bone grafting is carried out by reserving an implant alveolar socket, so that postoperative tooth implantation is facilitated.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biomedical engineering, in particular to an implant used for repairing maxillofacial bone defects and a preparation method thereof. Background technique [0002] The jawbone is located in the middle and lower 2 / 3 of the face, which constitutes an important bony support for the contour of the maxillofacial region and is one of the important tissues of the human maxillofacial region. Maxillofacial defects caused by congenital developmental deformities, trauma, tumors or other diseases often destroy the continuity and integrity of the jaw, causing functional obstacles such as chewing and speech, and affecting the patient's face. In the past, although jaw reconstruction can restore the continuity and integrity of the jaw to a large extent, it is difficult to fully restore the functions of mastication, language and facial appearance after surgery, which has become a difficult problem in maxillofacial clinical ...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Among them, autologous bone transplantation is the most widely used method for jaw bone repair and reconstruction. This method uses bone tissue transplantation from healthy autologous parts to fill the defect area, fix it and promote healing. Its advantages lie in the duality of periosteum and bone marrow Blood supply, strong anti-infection ability, and high survival rate, but its disadvantages are: (1) For the repair and reconstruction of some malignant tumors after surgery, it is not suitable for bone grafting methods, because radiotherapy and chemotherapy will make the bones of the surgical site heal (2) Healthy bone obtained from another healthy part of the body will cause certain damage to the original part, and some special groups such as athletes or those with hidden diseases are not suitable for this type of operation; (3) Autologous bone transplantation It is difficult to fully restore the patient's facial requirements

Its advantages are that it can effectively save operation time and support the formation of bone tissue, but its disadvantages are: (1) The modulus and mechanical properties of traditional substitutes are difficult to be compatible with bone tissue, often due to the difference between the modulus of the implant and bone tissue. Mismatch causes "stress shielding effect" or insufficient force bearing; (2) Most implants at the present stage are substitutes of standard sizes, which are difficult to accurately match the shape and size of the defect site; (3) Implants after implantation Substitutes, if implant restoration is required later, it will face great difficulties

Its advantage lies in the synchronous elongation of the soft tissue, which further expands the indications for implant surgery, but its disadvantages are: (1) If the traction is carried out from the outside of the mouth to the inside of the mouth, it is easy to cause skin infection and damage to the skin and nerve tissue. Postoperative scars and other problems affect the appearance; (2) Traction exists in the patient's body, which will cause a foreign body sensation and affect the patient's daily life; (3) The traction force generated during the process of traction osteogenesis may cause alveolar nerve pain. and temporomandibular joint injury; (4) The current specifications and models of retractors cannot be adapted to individual patients

Its advantage is that it requires less donor tissue, will not cause new shape and function defects, can carry out precise three-dimensional modeling according to the shape of the defect, and has no or little antigenicity, but its disadvantages are: ( 1) Whether the biological function can exist in the body for a long time without degeneration or degeneration still needs further research; (2) Tissue engineered bone is still in the stage of animal experiments

[0004] In short, although the current methods for maxillofacial repair can repair the maxillofacial from various aspects, they also have their own defects, such as limited sources of autologous bone materials, antigen-antibody rejection of allogeneic materials, and poor modulus and mechanical properties of other materials. At the same time, there are still problems such as implant weight, shape and size mismatch, resulting in postoperative bone tissue and appearance damage, and poor recovery of maxillofacial function and appearance in patients. Therefore, the maxillofacial repair method still needs to be further improved. Make up for the shortcomings of existing technology

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