Asexual high-yield coffee breeding method

Abstract

The invention relates to an asexual high-yield coffee breeding method, which comprises: 1) selecting fruits of five varieties such as small-grain seeds and medium-grain seeds, and analyzing volatile components through HS-SPME and GC-MS metabonomics by using a solid phase micro-extraction technology; 2) selecting small-grain seeds and medium-grain seeds with high contents of furan compounds, pyrazines and aldehyde ketone compounds for budding; performing secondary grafting after the grafting buds survive and grow for 2 months, GT1 clonal seed seedling nutrition bags with the diameter of 0.4-1.4cm are adopted as the rootstocks for seedling raising, and the distance between the grafting height and the ground is smaller than or equal to 10 cm; 3) cultivating for 8 months by adopting a specialseedling substrate to improve the root activity, and 4) transplanting to a field for conventional management after 8 months, and carrying out balanced fertilization according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of the coffee trees.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to an asexual high-yield coffee breeding method. Background technique [0002] Coffee species Coffee is Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae) Coffea (Coffea) plants, according to Chevalier research, there are 4 groups of 66 species of plants in this genus, usually referred to as true coffee (Eucof-fea) group small grain species Coffeaarabica), medium Coffearobus-ta, Coffealiberica and Coffea excelsa, among which the productive cultivation is mainly small and medium-grained, and the small-grained species account for about 80% of the cultivated area, and the medium-grained Grain species accounted for 20%, and the other species were mainly used as germplasm resource preservation and breeding materials, without large-scale cultivation. [0003] During the growing process of coffee, it is vulnerable to unfavorable factors such as diseases, insect pests, cold damage and drought. Breedin...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

The Portuguese Coffee Rust Research Center used the natural hybrid Hibridode Timor, a small-grained and medium-grained species with strong rust resistance, to artificially cross with the high-yielding and high-quality Caturra, and through multiple backcrosses, a new variety of Catimor, which is rust-resistant, high-yielding, dwarf and high-quality, was bred to solve the problem. However, other resistance breeding is relatively lagging behind, and the research work on insect resistance breeding, drought resistance breeding and cold resistance breeding should be strengthened

[0004] Common breeding methods at present have selective breeding, hybrid breeding, mutation breeding (mutation breeding is divided into physical mutation breeding and chemical mutation breeding), biotechnology breeding etc., but these breeding means have following defects in varying degrees: 1. The breeding cycle is long, and it usually takes several years or even decades to breed hybrid rice varieties. For example, Xu Zhaoxi spent nearly 20 years cultivating the new Biantiao ginseng variety "Biantiao No. 1" from selection, purification, elimination and strain comparison. Time; 2. The success rate of breeding is low; 3. The predictability of breeding is low. Breeders often breed dozens or even hundreds of hybrid combinations, but the comprehensive performance of new hybrid strains is not good

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