Method for improving resolution ratio of seismic data and enhancing energy of valid weak signals

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving the resolution ratio of seismic data and enhancing energy of valid weak signals. The method needs to process stacked or migrated seismic data channel by channel, and carries out the following steps on single-channel seismic data: 1) Hilbert transformation is performed on the single-channel seismic data, the envelope, the time shift quantity and the instantaneous attribute of the single-channel seismic data are obtained, and combined with an average wavelet extracted by well-seismic calibration, a Morlet wavelet library is built; 2) based on the wavelet library built in the step 1), a matching pursuit algorithm is used to obtain valid wavelets through decomposition which form the single-channel seismic data; 3) a spectrum whitening algorithm is improved, and self-adaptive frequency extension and energy compensation processing are performed on the valid wavelets obtained through decomposition; and 4) valid wavelets after the processing of the step 3) are superposed, thereby obtaining single-channel seismic data with an improved resolution ratio and enhanced energy of valid weak signals. The method integrates logging and seismic data, and combines spectrum whitening algorithm improvement with the matching pursuit algorithm, thereby achieving effects of broadening a data frequency band and enhancing energy of the valid weak signals.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of seismic data analysis and processing in oil and gas exploration, and relates to a seismic data processing method, in particular to a method for improving seismic data resolution and enhancing effective weak points by combining matching and tracking multi-wavelet decomposition and improved spectral whitening. method of signaling energy. Background technique [0002] High-resolution seismic data is a prerequisite for reservoir description. Fine oil and gas description, judgment of spatial heterogeneity, and monitoring of reservoir fluid transformation during oil and gas field development all require high-resolution seismic data as the basis. [0003] In traditional seismic exploration, seismic records can be regarded as the convolution of wavelets and formation reflection coefficients. Conventional resolution-enhancing processing methods include deconvolution and spectral whitening. The establishment of traditional s...

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Problems solved by technology

[0006] Although the matching pursuit decomposition can obtain a better signal representation, the calculation amount of this method is too large. Therefore, it is one of the urgent problems to be solved to further reduce the calculation amount of the matching pursuit algorithm while ensuring its calculation accuracy.

Although a single application of matching pursuit decomposition can separate the signal and noise in seismic data and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data by eliminating noise residuals, it does not consider the improvement of seismic data resolution and the enhancement of effective weak signal energy , although the traditional spectrum whitening is a basic method to broaden the spectrum, it cannot perform adaptive energy enhancement on the wavelet amplitude according to the characteristics of the wavelet

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