Method for preparing nitrogen-doped carbonaceous material by modifying polymer

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a nitrogen-doped carbonaceous material by modifying polymer, which can be used for preparing the nitrogen-doped carbonaceous material with the nitrogen doping amount of 5 to 26 at%. The method disclosed by the invention is characterized by comprising the following steps of: selecting a nitrogen-containing organic compound as a nitrogen precursor and utilizing the nitrogen-containing organic compound to perform polymerization reaction on a carbonaceous material to form a compound of the nitrogen-containing polymer and carbonaceous material; and then carrying out heat treatment on the polymer / carbonaceous material compound in the inert atmosphere to carbonize nitrogen-containing polymer in the compound so as to implement the nitrogen doping on the carbonaceous material and prepare the nitrogen-doped carbonaceous material. According to the invention, when the carbonaceous material is subjected to effective nitrogen doping, the original intrinsic structure of the carbonaceous material can be ensured; moreover, the nitrogen-doped carbonaceous material with the nitrogen content of 5 to 26 at% can be prepared; the specific capacity of using a carbon material as an electrode material of a supercapacitor is obviously improved; and the method has the characteristics of simple technical process and wide applicability.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the preparation technology of nitrogen-doped carbonaceous materials, in particular to a method for preparing nitrogen-doped carbonaceous materials by polymer modification. Background technique [0002] Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, carbon materials have extensive and important applications in the fields of materials, chemicals, biomedicine, energy, electronics, aerospace, and military industries. In recent years, with the development of new carbon materials (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc.) one. However, due to the hydrophobic nature of carbon and its low surface activity, the wide application of carbon materials, especially some nano-carbon materials or porous carbon materials (carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, graphene, etc.), is limited. , by modifying the surface of carbon materials to improve their water dispersibility and surface activity, it has become an effective way ...

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Problems solved by technology

[0003] At present, there are mainly the following methods for synthesizing or preparing nitrogen-doped carbonaceous materials: one is to use nitrogen-containing precursors as carbon sources in the process of synthesizing carbon materials to achieve the purpose of nitrogen doping, but due to the thermal During the solution process, a large amount of nitrogen is lost in the form of gas, so it is difficult to obtain high nitrogen doping content, and the process of catalyst removal usually destroys the intrinsic structure of carbonaceous materials (Sen, R. Satishkumar, B. C.; Govindaraj, A.; et al ., Nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes, J. Mater. Chem., 1997, 7(12): 2335); The other is to carry out nitrogen doping by surface chemical modification of synthesized carbon materials, such as strong acid or NH 3 Such chemical treatment methods can achieve effective nitrogen doping of carbon materials, but this treatment method will also lead to the destruction of the original structure of carbon materials, such as the reduction of electrical conductivity, while introducing nitrogen-containing functions (Arrigo, R , Havecker, M. Schlogl, R. Su, D. S, Dynamic surface rearrangement and thermal stability of nitrogen functional groups on carbon nanotubes Chem. Commun., 2008: 4891); Nitrogen doping of carbon materials with nitrogen-containing organic solvents It is a relatively mild method. Because carbonaceous materials have good compatibility with organic solvents, it is beneficial to uniform nitrogen doping of carbon materials, and will not significantly damage the original structural characteristics of carbon materials, but its nitrogen doping (Li Lixiang, Liu Yongchang, Geng Xin, An Baigang, Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanotubes, Acta Physicochemical Sinica, 2011, 27: 443)

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