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Method for smelting lithium by vacuum aluminothermic reduction

An aluminothermic and vacuum technology, applied in the field of metallurgy, to achieve the effects of reducing pollution emissions, good economic benefits, and preventing softening

Inactive Publication Date: 2012-07-11
NORTHEASTERN UNIV
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Problems solved by technology

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies in the existing methods for preparing metallic lithium by aluminothermic reduction, the present invention provides a method for smelting lithium by vacuum aluminothermic reduction, which first prepares Lithium by calcining lithium-containing raw materials and additives. 5 AlO 4 , and then mixed with aluminum powder for vacuum thermal reduction to prepare high-purity metal lithium and calcium aluminate slag. The calcium aluminate slag can be used to prepare aluminum hydroxide. In the case of greatly reducing solid and gas waste pollution, high mass of aluminum hydroxide

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  • Method for smelting lithium by vacuum aluminothermic reduction

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Embodiment 1

[0041] Lithium-containing raw materials and additives are mixed to make pellets, and then calcined at 900-1100°C for 1.5h to obtain Li 5 AlO 4 Clinker; the lithium-containing raw material is lithium hydroxide, and the additive is a mixture of aluminum hydroxide and calcium oxide;

[0042] Will Li 5 AlO 4 The clinker is ball milled to a particle size of ≤80 μm, then mixed with aluminum powder and made into pellets, and then subjected to vacuum thermal reduction at an air pressure of ≤5Pa and a temperature of 1000~1200°C. The reaction time is 1.5h, and the generated lithium vapor crystallizes to form lithium metal. The remaining material is reducing slag;

[0043] The calcination reaction formula is:

[0044] 5LiOH·H 2 O+Al(OH) 3 = Li 5 AlO 4 +9H 2 O(1)

[0045] The vacuum thermal reduction reaction formula is:

[0046] 3Li 5 AlO 4 +4CaO+5Al=4[CaO Al 2 o 3 ]+15Li (5)

[0047] The molar ratio of lithium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide and calcium oxide is 15:3:4, a...

Embodiment 2

[0058] Mix lithium-containing raw materials and additives to form pellets, and then calcinate at 900-1100°C for 2 hours to obtain Li 5 AlO 4 Clinker; the lithium-containing raw material is lithium hydroxide, and the additive is a mixture of aluminum hydroxide and calcium oxide;

[0059] Will Li 5 AlO 4 The clinker is ball milled to a particle size of ≤80 μm, then mixed with aluminum powder and made into pellets, and then subjected to vacuum thermal reduction at an air pressure of ≤5Pa and a temperature of 1000~1200°C. The reaction time is 2h, and the generated lithium vapor crystallizes to form lithium metal, and the remaining The material is reducing slag;

[0060] The calcination reaction formula is:

[0061] 5LiOH·H 2 O+Al(OH) 3 = Li 5 AlO 4 +9H 2 O(1)

[0062] The vacuum thermal reduction reaction formula is:

[0063] 21Li 5 AlO 4 +48CaO+35Al=4[12CaO 7Al 2 o 3 ]+105Li; (6)

[0064] The molar ratio of lithium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide and calcium oxide ...

Embodiment 3

[0073] Lithium-containing raw materials and additives are mixed to make pellets, and then calcined at 900-1100°C for 3 hours to obtain Li 5 AlO 4 Clinker; the lithium-containing raw material is lithium hydroxide, and the additive is a mixture of aluminum hydroxide and calcium oxide;

[0074] Will Li 5 AlO 4 The clinker is ball-milled to a particle size of ≤80 μm, then mixed with aluminum powder and made into pellets, and then subjected to vacuum thermal reduction at an air pressure of ≤5Pa and a temperature of 1000-1200°C. The reaction time is 3 hours, and the generated lithium vapor crystallizes to form lithium metal, and the remaining The material is reducing slag;

[0075] The calcination reaction formula is:

[0076] 5LiOH·H 2 O+Al(OH) 3 = Li 5 AlO 4 +9H 2 O(1)

[0077] The vacuum thermal reduction reaction formula is:

[0078] 3Li 5 AlO 4 +4CaO+5Al=4[CaO Al 2 o 3 ]+15Li (5)

[0079] The molar ratio of lithium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, calcium oxide a...

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for smelting lithium by vacuum aluminothermic reduction, belonging to the technical field of metallurgy. The method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing a lithium-containing raw material and additives, pelletizing, and calcining at 900-1100 DEG C to obtain Li5AlO4 clinker; and (2) carrying out ball milling on the Li5AlO4 clinker, mixing with aluminum powder, pelletizing, carrying out vacuum-thermal reduction, wherein the generated lithium steam is crystallized to form metallic lithium, wherein the residual material is reducing slag. The method provided by the invention is simple to implement and suitable for industrial production, can bring about less pollution, and can obtain favorable economic benefit.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a method for smelting lithium by vacuum aluminothermic reduction. Background technique [0002] Lithium metal is widely used in emerging fields such as aerospace, nuclear power generation, and energy batteries, and is called "the energy metal of the 21st century". The production methods of lithium metal are divided into two categories: molten salt electrolysis and vacuum thermal reduction. Molten salt electrolysis is the main method for producing lithium metal in the world today, but its development is limited by the following aspects: (1) The raw material for production is high-purity lithium chloride, which is produced by chlorination, purification and dehydration of lithium carbonate hydrochloric acid. The process is complicated and the cost is high; (2) Due to the low precipitation potential of sodium and potassium, harmful impurities such as sodium and potassium are inevi...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): C22B26/12C22B5/04
Inventor 狄跃忠冯乃祥彭建平王耀武
Owner NORTHEASTERN UNIV
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