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Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and hydrocarbons

a technology of pentafluoropropane and composition, applied in the field of azeotrope-like compositions, can solve the problems of not depleting stratospheric ozone, not optimal agents, and lack of thermal insulation efficiency

Inactive Publication Date: 2009-03-26
HONEYWELL INT INC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0016]The azeotrope-like compositions of the invention exhibit zero ozone depletion and low global warming potential. Further, the HFC-245fa component reduces the flammability hazard associated with handling and using the blowing agent, especially when compared to the use of the hydrocarbon component alone.
[0017]Polyurethane foams expanded with the blowing agents of the invention exhibit superior performance to foams expanded with the hydrocarbon blowing agent alone. The thermal conductivity of foams prepared using the azeotrope-like compositions of the invention is lower, hence superior, when compared to the thermal conductivity of foams expanded with just the hydrocarbon blowing agent. Improved dimensional stability, especially at low temperature, is also observed.

Problems solved by technology

Hydrocarbon agents, such as n-pentane, isopentane, and cyclopentane, do not deplete stratospheric ozone, but are not optimal agents because foams produced from these blowing agents lack the same degree of thermal insulation efficiency as foams made with the CFC or HCFC blowing agents.
Further, the hydrocarbon blowing agents are extremely flammable.
Because rigid polyurethane foams must comply with building code or other regulations, foams expanded with a blowing agent composed only of hydrocarbons often require addition of expensive flame retardant materials to meet the regulations.
Finally, hydrocarbon blowing agents are classified as Volatile Organic Compounds and present environmental issues associated with photochemical smog production in the lower atmosphere.

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

[0037]This example shows that a minimum boiling azeotrope forms between HFC-245fa and a hydrocarbon selected from the group n-pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and isohexane. The example also shows that these mixtures exhibit azeotrope-like or constant boiling behavior over a range of compositions.

[0038]Boiling point measurements were performed using an ebulliometric technique similar to that described by W. Swietoslawski in Ebulliometric Measurements, Reinhold Publishing Corp. (1945). The ebulliometer was first charged with a weighed amount of HFC-245fa. The system was brought to total reflux by gently heating the lower part of the ebulliometer. The temperature of the boiling liquid was measured using a precision quartz-sheathed 25 ohm platinum resistance thermometer, accurate to ±0.01° C. Boiling temperature and atmospheric pressure were recorded after steady-state had been attained. An aliquot of n-pentane was then added volumetrically to the ebulliometer and the boilin...

example 2

[0045]This example shows that foams prepared using the azeotrope-like compositions described in this invention as the foam blowing agent exhibit improved dimensional stability compared to foams prepared using only a hydrocarbon liquid as the foam blowing agent. The general formulation used to prepare these foams is described in Table VI.

TABLE VIParts By WeightB-Component (blended polyol)Thanol R-470X(1)100Tegostab B-8466(2)1.5Dabco R-8020(3)1.0Blowing Agent or Blowing Agent BlendVariedA-Component (Isocyanate)Luprinate M-20S(4) (110 Index)125(1)A mannich base polyol from Eastman Chemical Products. Inc., Kingsport, Tennessee; hydroxyl number = 470.(2)A silicone surfactant from Goldschmidt Chemical Co.: Hopewell, Virginia.(3)A blend of 80% dimethylethanolamine and 20% diethylenediamine from Air Products & Chemicals. Inc., Allentown, Pennsylvania.(4)A Polymethylene poly(phenyl isocyanate) mixture containing about 40% by weight of methylenebis(phenylisocyanate) with the balance being pol...

example 3

[0052]This example shows that foams prepared using the azeotrope-like compositions of this invention exhibit improved thermal conductivity compared to foams prepared using only a hydrocarbon liquid as the foam blowing agent. The general formulation and techniques used to prepare these foams were the same as that described in Example II.

[0053]It can be seen that by using an azeotrope-like blend of HFC-245fa and isopentane as the blowing agent blend, K-factor of the resulting foam is reduced, or insulation value improved, relative to those using only isopentane as the blowing agent. In Table VIII, foam blown solely with HFC-245fa has been assigned a relative K-factor of 1.000. The foam blown with a blend of 10% of HFC-245fa and 90% of isopentane has a K-factor of 1.121 relative to 1.000 for the HFC-245fa blown foam. As the percentage of HFC-245fa increases the relative K-factors decrease, finally reaching 1.000 for the 100% HFC-245fa blown foam. As shown on Table IX, no testing could ...

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Abstract

Methods of preparing polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams comprising the step of reacting and foaming a mixture of ingredients which react to form the polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foams in the presence of a blowing agent, wherein said blowing agent comprises an azeotrope-like composition consists essentially of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and n-pentane, as well as foams and foamable compositions comprising the azeotrope-like composition.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]This invention relates to azeotrope-like compositions that include 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group n-pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and isohexane. The compositions of the invention are useful as blowing agents in the manufacture of rigid and flexible polyurethane foams and polyisocyanurate foams as well as aerosol propellants.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]Rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams are manufactured by reacting and foaming a mixture of ingredients, in general an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol or mixture of polyols, in the presence of a volatile liquid blowing agent. The blowing agent is vaporized by the heat liberated during the reaction of isocyanate and polyol causing the polymerizing mixture of foam. This reaction and foaming process may be enhanced through the use of various additives such as amine or tin catalysts and surfactant materials that serve to control a...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C08J9/14H04M1/74H04M3/18
CPCH04M1/745H04M3/18C08J9/144C08J2375/04C08J2203/14C08J2203/142C08J2203/18C08J9/149
Inventor LUND, EARL AUGUST EUGENEPARKER, ROBERT CHRISTIANSHANKLAND, IAN ROBERTLUND, HILDE
Owner HONEYWELL INT INC
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