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Reversible electrochemical sensors for polyions

A polyion, electrochemical technology, applied in the direction of material electrochemical variables, scientific instruments, instruments, etc., can solve problems such as increased cost, time-consuming, and rapid loss of sensor response.

Inactive Publication Date: 2006-10-11
AUBURN UNIV
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Although polyion sensors are very useful in critical care applications, their use is limited by the rapid loss of sensor response
Single-use sensors result in increased cost, and the necessity of removing and reconditioning the sensor by a separate method is quite time consuming and adversely limits the usefulness of the sensor

Method used

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  • Reversible electrochemical sensors for polyions
  • Reversible electrochemical sensors for polyions
  • Reversible electrochemical sensors for polyions

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0138] Preparation of protamine-selective membranes

[0139] The ability of the sensor incorporating the polyion selective membrane according to the invention to be used in an electrochemical cell was tested. The polycation selective membrane is specifically formulated to be selective for the polycation protamine. Membranes were formulated using 10 wt% TDDA-DNNS in a 2:1 weight ratio mixture of 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether and polyvinyl chloride. Membranes were prepared by means of solvent casting using THF as solvent. The mixture was dried to form a film, and a protamine-selective film of about 200 μm thickness was prepared. The film was cut with a drill having a diameter of 6 mm to prepare a film for incorporation into an electrode.

Embodiment 2

[0141] Preparation of protamine-selective membrane electrode

[0142] The protamine-selective membrane prepared in Example 1 was introduced into the electrode. Electrodes include Philips electrode body (IS-561), internal reference solution of 0.1M NaCl and electrode wire of Ag / AgCl. Protamine-selective membrane electrodes were conditioned overnight in the same solution as the internal reference solution before use in experiments.

[0143] A set of 10 identical electrodes were prepared as described above and tested for consistency in 0.1M NaCl solution before actual experimental use. Testing showed a variability of + / - 7 mV (standard deviation) between the electrodes at a given current between 0 and -10 μA from each other.

[0144] Membrane electrodes were also tested to evaluate reversibility. The membranes were repeatedly exposed to two separate solutions, one containing 0.1 M NaCl, and one containing 0.1 M NaCl and 10 mg / L protamine. The same experiment was al...

Embodiment 3

[0146] Chronopotentiometry response of samples

[0147] With and Without Protamine

[0148] Chronopotentograms were made in 0.1 M NaCl with and without protamine. Electrochemical cells (such as in figure 1shown in ), installed by using the protamine-selective membrane electrode described in Example 2. The reference electrode was a double salt bridge Ag / AgCl electrode with 1M LiOAc bridge electrolyte. The counter electrode is a platinum wire.

[0149] Voltammetry experiments were performed using an AFCBP1 Bipotentiostat (Pine Inst., Grove City, PA) controlled by a PCI-MIO-16E4 interface board and LabVIEW 5.0 software (National Instruments, Austin, TX) on a Macintosh computer. Before the experiment, the operation of the output of the first electrode of the bipotentiostat (K1) was switched to current control using the potentiostatic control of the output of the second working electrode (K2). To apply current pulses, the working electrode was co...

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PUM

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Abstract

The present invention is directed to a reversible electrochemical sensor for polyions. The sensor uses active extraction and ion stripping, which are controlled electrochemically. Spontaneous polyion extraction is suppressed by using membranes containing highly lipophilic electrolytes that possess no ion-exchange properties. Reversible extraction of polyions is induced by constant current pulse of fixed duration applied across the membrane. Subsequently, polyions are removed by applying a constant stripping potential. The sensors provide excellent stability and reversibility and allow for measurements of heparin concentration in whole blood samples via protamine titration.

Description

field of invention [0001] The present invention relates to polyion sensors. The invention further relates to membranes for the detection of polyions, such as protamine and heparin, and methods of such detection by incorporating the membranes in electrochemical cells. In particular, the invention relates to a method of detecting polyions by forcing the movement of the polyions across the membrane, wherein the movement of the polyions is reversible so as to allow the reuse of the membrane. Background of the invention [0002] Over the past decade, a new direction has emerged in the field of ion-selective electrodes with the development of potentiometric sensors employing plasticized polymer films for polyionic polymer detection. Early work in this area suggested polymer membrane electrodes containing lipophilic anion exchangers capable of detecting polyanionic heparins. See Ma, S.C., Yang, V.C. and Meyerhoff, M.E., "Anal. Chem." (1992, 64, 694). Heparin selective polymer me...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): G01N27/333G01N17/00G01N27/26G01N27/42G01N33/49
CPCG01N27/3335G01N27/333
Inventor E·巴克尔A·施瓦勒弗
Owner AUBURN UNIV
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