Lithium ion battery electrolyte

A lithium-ion battery and electrolyte technology, which is applied in the field of lithium-ion batteries and additive synthesis, can solve the problems affecting the cycle characteristics of lithium-ion secondary batteries, the combined use of additives that are not mentioned, and the increase in the impedance of battery pole pieces, etc., to achieve improved high performance. Low-temperature cycle performance, improvement of low-temperature discharge capacity retention rate and rate discharge capacity retention rate, and the effect of reducing film resistance

Pending Publication Date: 2022-05-03
SHENZHEN YANYI NEW MATERIALS CO LTD
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Problems solved by technology

[0004] Patent CN103199302B discloses a non-aqueous electrolyte, by using 1,3-propane sultone and isocyanurate structural compounds as electrolyte additives to inhibit the oxidation reaction between the electrolyte and the positive electrode material, but as As shown in Table 1, its capacity retention rate is insufficient and its expansion rate is relatively high, and it is recorded that "the isocyanurate structure compound containing three olefins, after polymerizing into a film, causes an increase in the impedance of the battery pole piece, especially in relatively At low temperature, it affects the cycle characteristics of lithium-ion secondary batteries”
[0005] Patent CN105914402B discloses a kind of non-aqueous electrolytic solution, which includes organic solvent, electrolyte salt and additive, is characterized in that, contains barbituric acid compound in the described additive, in order to improve the cycle performance of lithium-ion battery, but as shown in the table As shown in 2, the 300-cycle capacity retention rate of the lithium-ion battery in the examples is mostly below 70%, and there is room for improvement. In addition, it does not mention the combined use with other additives
[0006] Patent CN106410279A discloses a non-aqueous electrolyte containing barbituric acid compounds and SEI film-forming additives (fluorinated ethylene carbonate is mainly used in the examples), in order to improve the low-temperature discharge performance, cycle performance, and high-temperature storage of the battery. After the performance cycle, the hot box performance and overcharge performance, but as shown in Table 2, the -10°C low-temperature discharge rate in Examples 1-11 is about 65% on average, and the low-temperature discharge capacity is low, so it is difficult to take into account the low-temperature performance

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Synthetic example 1

[0046] Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Compound Ⅰ-1

[0047] Add 156.14g (1mol) of 5,5-dimethylmalonylurea and 1000mL of N,N-dimethylformamide into a 2L three-port reactor, add 83.92g (2.0mol) of lithium hydroxide monohydrate, and 241.96 g (2.0 mol) of 3-bromopropene were added dropwise. After adding the raw materials, stir for 30 minutes, and react at 60°C for 6 hours. LC-Ms detects that the reaction of the raw materials is complete, and the reaction solution is depressurized to recover N,N-dimethylformamide. Cool the kettle residue to room temperature, add 1000mL of water, add 2000mL of ethyl acetate for extraction and stirring, then enter the oil-water separator for separation. The organic phase was rectified under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product, and 3A molecular sieves were used to remove water to 50 ppm, and 177.20 g of a colorless liquid was obtained through rectification under reduced pressure twice, with a GC purity of 99.91% and a yield of 75%.

[004...

Synthetic example 2

[0049] Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Compound Ⅰ-2

[0050] Add 128.09g (1.0mol) of malonylurea and 1200mL of N,N-dimethylformamide into a 2L three-port reactor, add 209.8g (5.0mol) of lithium hydroxide monohydrate, and drop 604.90g (5.0 mol) 3-bromopropene. After adding the raw materials, stir for 30 minutes, and react at 100°C for 24 hours. LC-Ms detects that the reaction of the raw materials is complete, and the reaction solution is depressurized to recover N,N-dimethylformamide. Cool the kettle residue to room temperature, add 1000mL of water, add 2000mL of ethyl acetate for extraction and stirring, then enter the oil-water separator for separation. The organic phase was rectified under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product, and 3A molecular sieve was used to remove water to 50 ppm. After two times of rectified under reduced pressure, 259.51 g of colorless liquid was obtained. The GC purity was 99.92%, and the yield was 90%.

[0051]

Synthetic example 3

[0052] Synthesis Example 3: Synthesis of Compound Ⅰ-3

[0053] Add 164.07g (1.0mol) of 5,5-difluoromalonylurea and 1000mL of N,N-dimethylformamide into a 2L three-port reactor, add 104.90g (2.5mol) of lithium hydroxide monohydrate, 231.30 g (2.5 mol) of 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane were added dropwise. After adding the raw materials, stir for 30 minutes, and react at 80°C for 16 hours. LC-Ms detects that the reaction of the raw materials is complete, and the reaction solution is depressurized to recover N,N-dimethylformamide. Cool the kettle residue to room temperature, add 1000mL of water, add 2000mL of 1,2-dichloroethane and stir, then enter the oil-water separator for separation. The organic phase was crystallized under reduced pressure to obtain a crude solid. The crude product was dissolved in 1,2-dichloroethane, and the water was removed to 50 ppm by using 3A molecular sieves. After secondary crystallization and purification, a white solid was obtained. The HPLC purity was...

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Abstract

The invention relates to a lithium ion battery electrolyte which comprises a lithium salt, an organic solvent, a ureide compound, a boron-containing compound and a functional additive. The lithium ion battery electrolyte contains the unique combination of the ureide compound and the boron-containing compound, and the ureide compound can preferentially form a film at a negative electrode and is matched with other low-impedance film-forming additives to form a film, so that the low-temperature performance and the cycle performance are ensured. Meanwhile, the ureide compound has a stabilizing effect on the high-nickel positive electrode, and the high-temperature storage performance of the battery is improved. The boron-containing compound can stably form a film at a negative electrode, boron atoms have a modification effect on a positive and negative electrode interface film, the film impedance is reduced, and the cycle performance and low-temperature performance of the battery are improved. According to the lithium ion battery electrolyte, the high-temperature storage performance, the low-temperature performance and the cycle performance of a high-nickel positive electrode lithium ion battery can be improved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of lithium ion batteries and the field of additive synthesis, in particular to an electrolyte solution for lithium ion batteries. Background technique [0002] Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electronic products, power tools, energy storage, new energy vehicles and other fields due to their high voltage, large specific energy, long cycle life, good safety performance, small self-discharge, fast charging, and wide operating temperature range. With the advancement of technology and the improvement of consumption level, people put forward higher requirements for the battery life of lithium-ion batteries. In order to improve the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, it is one of the effective ways to develop cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries with high specific capacity. At present, ternary cathode materials have become a research hotspot due to their higher theoretical specific capacity than other c...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M10/0567H01M10/0525H01M10/42C07D233/96C07D239/60C07D239/70C07D401/14C07D405/14
CPCH01M10/0525H01M10/0567H01M10/4235C07D233/96C07D401/14C07D239/60C07D239/70C07D405/14H01M2300/0028
Inventor 曾益平左晏霖刘杰李斌钱超岳敏
Owner SHENZHEN YANYI NEW MATERIALS CO LTD
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