High-power large-aperture broadband millimeter wave space-fed phased array radar system and imaging method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-power large-aperture broadband millimeter wave space-fed phased array radar system and an imaging method thereof. The system is applied to the field of millimeter wave phased array radars and aims at solving the technical problem that the existing high-power millimeter wave radar system does not have a large-range electronic beam scanning capability and a simultaneous multi-target observation capability. The antenna array of the radar system adopts an air feed mode for feeding, so that the antenna loss is reduced, the aperture efficiency is improved, and the realization difficulty of a large-scale phased-array antenna is reduced; and a broadband space-fed phased array radar system of a step frequency signal is adopted, and the instantaneous working bandwidthof a radar system is reduced, so an antenna beam of a phased array has a large electronic scanning range, and the high resolution of the distance to a target is obtained through broadband synthesis processing of step frequency echo pulses.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of millimeter wave phased array radar, in particular to a millimeter wave space-fed phased array radar technology for remote target observation and imaging. Background technique [0002] With the rapid development of aerospace science and technology and the increasing frequency of manned spaceflight activities, the demand for observation of the activities and states of space objects such as spacecraft, space debris, and meteorites in orbital space from the ground is becoming more and more urgent, and the performance requirements are getting higher and higher. higher. Compared with optical systems, radar has the advantages of all-weather, all-time, and large observation range, and can realize multiple functions such as detection, tracking, precision measurement, and radar imaging. In particular, the millimeter-wave radar system has a high operating frequency, provides a large bandwidth, and can perform high-precision ...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0003] Typical space observation applications require millimeter-wave radars to be able to provide at least hundreds of kilowatts (kW) to megawatts (MW) of peak transmit power, several gigahertz (GHz) level of signal bandwidth, large-diameter antennas above the meter level, and large Space coverage and the ability to observe multiple targets at the same time, these requirements have brought strict restrictions and great challenges to the existing millimeter-wave radar technology, and its system design and implementation

Limited by the technical level of millimeter-wave solid-state power devices, the cost of large-caliber solid-state phased arrays is huge, and the power and operating distance are difficult to meet the requirements. The existing high-power millimeter-wave radar systems mainly use high-power centralized electric vacuum transmitters plus mechanical scanning The way the antenna is constructed

For example, the American MMW radar (MillimeterWave Radar, literature "J.J. Stambaugh, R.K.Lee, and W.H. Cantrell. The 4GHz BandwidthMillimeter-Wave Radar [J]. Lincoln Laboratory Journal, vol.19, no.2, 2012, pp.64- 76.") and HUSIR radar (Haystack Ultrawideband Satellite Imaging Radar, document "M.G.Czerwinski and J.M.Usoff.Development of the Haystack Ultrawideband Satellite Imaging Radar[J].Lincoln Laboratory Journal, vol.21, no.1, 2014, pp.28 -44.") respectively using high-power traveling wave tube and gyro-klystron + large-diameter parabolic antenna, the mechanical scanning rate is low, and they can only observe a single space target; while the Russian RUZA radar uses high-power gyro Construction of klystron + large-aperture millimeter-wave phased array (literature "A.A.Tolkachev, and B.A.Levitan, et al.A megawattpower millimeter-wave phased-array radar [J]. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, vol.15, no.7, 2000, pp.25-31.), but the electronic scanning range of its antenna beam is very narrow (no more than 0.85°), and the large-scale scanning of space (within ±135° in azimuth, 0°~180° in elevation Internal) is still realized by mechanical scanning, so there are disadvantages such as low radar data rate and small number of targets that can be observed simultaneously

Therefore, although these radars have large antenna apertures and large instantaneous operating bandwidths, they do not have the ability to scan a wide range of electronic beams and observe multiple targets at the same time, so they cannot complete space observation tasks well.

Images