Method for the degrading of synthetic polymers and device for carrying out said method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for degrading synthetic polymers, in particular polyolefines, comprising the following steps a) the synthetic polymers, in particular dried, synthetic polymers, are melted in at least one extruder (E), b) the polymer melt is purified by guiding said polymer melt through at least one melt filter (SF), c) the purified polymer melt is transferred into at least one first reactor (R1), said purified polymer melt in the at least one first reactor (R1) is guided from a lower region into an upper region of the reactor (R1) by heating to temperatures of between 300 and 370° C, preferably 330° C to 360° C, in particular 350° C, the polymers in the at least one first reactor (R1) are cleaved into oligomers, d) the oligomer mixture formed in the at least one first reactor (R1) is transferred into at least one second reactor (R2), the oligomer mixture in the at least second reactor (R2) is guided from a lower region into an upper region of the reactor (R2) by heating to a temperature of between 380 to 450° C, preferably 400° C to 430° C, in particular 410° C, the oligomers in the at least one second reactor (R2) being degraded into short-chained hydrocarbons, in the presence of at least one clay mineral as a depolymerisation catalyst, e) the short-chained hydrocarbons formed in the at least one second reactor (R2) are discharged into at least one precondenser (VK), the short-chained hydrocarbons emerging from the at least one second reactor (R2) are cooled in the at least one precondenser (VK); and f) the short-chained hydrocarbons cooled in the at least one precondener (VK) are guided into at least one main condenser (HK), the short-chained hydrocarbons emerging from the at least one precondenser (VK) are liquefied in the at least one main condenser (HK). The invention also relates to a system for carrying out said method and to the product oil produced according to said method.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a method according to claim 1 for decomposing synthetic polymers, especially polyolefins, a device or device for carrying out the method according to claim 16 and a method according to claim 1 The product oil produced by the method described in claim 23. Background technique [0002] Synthetic materials based on synthetic polymers, such as polyolefins, are indispensable in today's life. Polyolefins such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) are used on a large scale in the consumer goods industry as packaging material. Although great efforts are made to reuse, ie to recycle, such synthetic materials, there is always a need to efficiently utilize or reuse polyolefins processed in packaging. [0003] Thus for example 51.3% (12.8Mt) of the synthetic waste domestic plastic waste generated in 2008 in EU countries, Norway and Switzerland has been reused and the remainder (12.1Mt) has been mostly removed in dumps or less A sha...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0015] However, the methods known today for decomposing synthetic polymers from synthetic waste are not optimal with regard to the usability or applicability of the produced oil products and are in need of improvement.

The processing of waste synthetic materials that have not been presorted, cleaned and not preagglomerated is currently unmanageable or difficult to control in terms of processes in industrial plants

Furthermore, the aim of obtaining a clearly defined, pure and well-usable end product from unpretreated waste synthetic material has not been successful industrially so far

Images