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A method to maintain the signal-to-noise ratio and improve the resolution of seismic records

A seismic recording and resolution technology, applied in the field of oil and gas geophysical seismic exploration

Active Publication Date: 2015-11-18
PETROCHINA CO LTD
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Puryear and Castagna (2008) used spectral inversion, and Velis (2008) used random sparse pulse deconvolution to greatly improve the resolution of seismic records, but did not involve the influence of noise on deconvolution

Method used

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  • A method to maintain the signal-to-noise ratio and improve the resolution of seismic records
  • A method to maintain the signal-to-noise ratio and improve the resolution of seismic records
  • A method to maintain the signal-to-noise ratio and improve the resolution of seismic records

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Embodiment 1

[0080] Embodiment 1: Taking a method for maintaining the signal-to-noise ratio and improving the resolution of seismic records as an example, the present invention will be further described in detail.

[0081] Step A: artificially stimulate seismic waves, use a geophone to detect reflected seismic signals from the ground, and record them on a magnetic tape. The specific field acquisition configuration of this embodiment is that 7 measuring lines are received at the same time, each measuring line has 240 traces, the distance between traces is 50 meters, the distance between lines is 100 meters, the recording length is 7 seconds, and the sampling interval is 1 millisecond. gun.

[0082] Step B, read the seismic signal from the magnetic tape, perform conventional seismic signal processing such as noise suppression, deconvolution, velocity analysis, and migration on the seismic signal, and obtain the seismic record x after conventional processing i (t). For earthquake records x ...

Embodiment 2

[0099] This embodiment is an application example of block B of an oilfield. The exploration target layer is a fracture-cavity carbonate oil and gas reservoir with a relatively large buried depth of about 7,000 meters. The surface is covered by sand dunes, the near-surface absorption and scattering are relatively serious, and the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution are low. It is necessary to improve the resolution of seismic records while maintaining the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0100] Image 6 is the profile image of the seismic record after conventional processing. Figure 7 is the average amplitude spectrum of the seismic record, and it can be seen that the high-frequency energy is weak due to the influence of formation absorption. Figure 8 is the seismic wavelet amplitude spectrum estimated from the seismic record amplitude spectrum. Figure 9 is the signal purity spectrum, the signal purity above 60Hz is very low, most of its energy is occupied by noise. Figure 10 I...

Embodiment 3

[0102] This example is an application example of block C. The exploration target layer is a thin interbedded oil and gas reservoir of sand and mudstone sandwiched by complex fault blocks. The thickness of a single sand body is less than 10 meters, and the thickness of a sand layer group is about 30 meters. The signal-to-noise ratio and resolution requirements of the data are high.

[0103] Figure 11 It is a seismic section image after conventional processing, and its resolution is low, which cannot meet the geological requirements of complex fault-block sand body prediction. Figure 12 Seismic cross-sectional image processed by the present invention, and Figure 11 In contrast, the overall quality of the seismic profile has been significantly improved, and the structural relationship and geological characteristics within the sand group, between sand groups, and between different fault block sand bodies are clearer and more reliable, which is of great importance for fine rese...

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for keeping signal to noise ratio and enhancing seismic record resolution, which is applied to the field of seismic exploration signal processing. The method mainly comprises the following steps of: manually exciting and recording a seismic signal; carrying out the conventional seismic signal processing, namely noise suppression, deconvolution, velocity analysis, excursion, and the like, on the seismic signal; estimating a seismic wavelet amplitude spectrum; estimating a signal purity spectrum; computing a deconvolution filtering operator by utilizing the seismic wavelet amplitude spectrum and the signal purity spectrum, and carrying out deconvolution processing on a seismic record; and drawing the seismic record into a seismic section image capable of reflecting underground structural features. The seismic record processed by the method disclosed by the invention can better identify the geologic structure and the fracture system which are smaller in size and more concealed.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas geophysical seismic exploration, in particular to a method for processing seismic exploration data, which is a method for maintaining the signal-to-noise ratio and improving the resolution of seismic records. Background technique [0002] Seismic exploration is an exploration method that uses artificial seismic technology to detect underground structures. It excites seismic waves near the surface in a certain way to produce seismic signals called seismic wavelets. The seismic wavelets propagate from the source to the ground. After encountering the geological interface, transmission and reflection occur at the interface. The transmitted seismic wavelets The wave continues to propagate downward, while the reflected wavelet propagates upward at the interface position, and its strength and polarity depend on the magnitude and sign of the interface reflection coefficient. Seismic wavelets from int...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Patents(China)
IPC IPC(8): G01V1/28G01V1/36
Inventor 李国发周新源王招明杨海军彭更新梁向豪谢会文王万里满益志段文胜
Owner PETROCHINA CO LTD
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