Co-production equipment for preparing charcoal, gas and oil by utilizing various biomass materials and preparation method of charcoal, gas and oil

Abstract

The invention relates to co-production equipment for preparing charcoal, gas and oil by utilizing various biomass materials and a preparation method of the charcoal, gas and oil. The co-production equipment comprises a charring kiln, an induced draft fan, a purifying and recovering device and a tail gas treating device and is characterized in that the charring kiln is in a pool type structure andis connected with a filtering and purifying pool which is connected with the purifying and recovering device; and the purifying and recovering device is connected with the induced draft fan which is connected with a gas-phase separator connected with the tail gas treating device. The preparation method for preparing the charcoal, gas and oil by utilizing the biomass materials is as follows: putting the biomass materials into the charring kiln, covering a layer of crushed aggregates on the surface of the biomass materials, after igniting, controlling oxygen content by utilizing the duration ofstarting and stopping time of the induced draft fan, charring and adding the biomass materials simultaneously, and repeating the steps for 8-10 hours to finishing the charring of the biomass materials. By utilizing the invention, various materials can be mixed together for burning, dry distillation and charring, the situation of single utilization of the biomass materials is changed, and the utilization range of the biomass materials is expanded; in addition, compared with the traditional method, the production cycle is shortened, the yield and the quality are improved and other industrial materials also can be obtained.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of carbonization of biomass raw materials, in particular to a co-production equipment and a preparation method for preparing charcoal, gas and oil by using various biomass raw materials. Background technique [0002] Biomass is the organic matter produced by plants through photosynthesis. Biomass energy is a kind of solar energy. Biomass is the main absorber and storage of solar energy. As the main components of plant biomass - lignin and cellulose, the annual The rate of regeneration of 164 billion tons is equivalent to 15 to 20 times of oil production in terms of energy. If this part of resources can be well utilized, human beings have an inexhaustible treasure house of resources. Moreover, biomass comes from plants and generates carbon dioxide after burning, so it will not increase the content of carbon dioxide in the air, so biomass is cleaner than mineral energy. [0003] At present, part of the utiliz...

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Problems solved by technology

[0006] 1. Some gasifiers have relatively high requirements for biomass raw materials, and the biomass raw materials must be crushed into fine particles. Therefore, it is necessary to add a pulverizer with a large power, which will increase the cost of biomass utilization

Because the raw material is broken into fine particles, its operating temperature is as high as 140~1300°C. Although the content of tar components and condensate in the output gas is low, and the conversion rate of carbon element can reach 40%, due to the high operating temperature, it is easy to sinter, making the gas The furnace loses its gasification function due to slagging, so it is difficult to select materials, which narrows the range of available biomass raw materials, which is not conducive to the promotion of biomass utilization

[0007] 2. The wood tar produced in the combustion process is the biggest obstacle to gasification

Many gasification furnaces do not filter out the wood tar mixed in the combustible gas during the gasification process, which produces odor and causes the wood tar to adhere to the nozzles of various burners during the gasification process, causing gas stoves, Gas boilers or gas generators cannot run for a long time, which directly affects the utilization of biomass energy

[0008] 3. The environmental requirements for the storage of biomass raw materials and the single use of raw materials are also some gasifiers that cannot be popularized and applied. Some gasifiers require the moisture content of the raw materials to be gasified to be kept below 4% because they do not have a moisture separation device. , otherwise the gas in the gasification place cannot be ignited due to too high moisture content, and the current biomass raw materials are generally stored in the open air, which is easily affected by natural weather, such as rain and humid environments, which can easily make biomass raw materials damp In addition, the raw material used is single, which affects the output and quality of the gasifier, and the continuity of the gasifier will be destroyed.

[0009] 4. Pollution to the environment. Due to design defects, many gasifiers cause air pollution by smoke and damage to soil by refractory substances. Many gasifiers produce ash mixed with wood tar in the process of gasification. The mixture together, because wood tar has strong anti-oxidation, so this mixture is difficult to decompose under natural conditions, the production of a large amount of mixture will cause damage to the soil

[0010] 5. Many imported gasifier equipment with complete functions are expensive, require a large amount of investment, and have a long recovery cycle, which affects the utilization of biomass resources

[0011] In addition, the traditional charcoal making process generally adopts simmering and dry distillation firing. The above-mentioned traditional processes have waste of resources, long production cycle, low output, and poor quality. At the same time, certain air pollution is generated during the simmering or dry distillation firing process

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