Method for synthesizing high purity acetonitrile by ammoniating acetic acid

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for synthesizing high purity acetonitrile by ammoniating acetic acid; acetic acid and liquid ammonia are respectively vaporized, acetic acid is preheated to 100-250 DEG C, liquid ammonia is preheated to 100-300 DEG C, the preheated two gases enter a reactor for mixing, ammoniation reaction is carried out under the action of an acetic acid ammoniation catalyst to obtain acetonitrile. The invention has available materials, simple technology, easy operation and high purity of the product.

Description

Technical field: [0001] The present invention relates to a kind of synthetic method of acetonitrile. Background technique: [0002] Acetonitrile is a colorless transparent liquid with a slight ether-like odor. The most important use is as a solvent. For example, as a solvent for extracting butadiene, a solvent for synthetic fibers and a solvent for some special coatings. Solvents used in the petroleum industry to remove tar, phenol, etc. from petroleum hydrocarbons. In the oil industry, it is used as a solvent for extracting fatty acids from animal and vegetable oils, and in medicine as a reaction medium for the recrystallization of steroid drugs. When a polar solvent with a high dielectric constant is required, a binary azeotropic mixture of acetonitrile and water is often used: it contains 84% ​​acetonitrile and has a boiling point of 76°C. Acetonitrile is an intermediate of medicine (vitamin B1), spices, and a raw material for the manufacture of s-triazine nitrogen fe...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0003] 1. Acrylonitrile by-product method, the production capacity of this process route is restricted by the production of acrylonitrile, the product has many impurities, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of pharmaceutical grade indicators

[0004] 2. The method of synthesizing acetonitrile with methanol and ammonia, the yield of this process route is low, according to literature reports, the yield is less than 60%

[0005] 3. Dehydration of acetamide and phosphorus pentoxide to synthesize acetonitrile, the yield of acetonitrile synthesized by this process route is only 75%-80%, and there are many side reactions, the raw materials are expensive, the cost is too high, and it is uneconomical

[0006] 4. Sodium cyanide and dimethyl sulfate are used to synthesize acetonitrile. The raw materials of this process are highly toxic substances. If used improperly, it will cause serious consequences. It is a process route that is not suitable for industrial production.

[0008] 6. Acetonitrile is synthesized by ethanol ammoxidation method, the yield is low, and the content of hydrocyanic acid is high

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