Humeral prosthesis

Abstract

A humeral prosthesis, for the articulation of a humerus in a scapula of a shoulder having a glenoid cavity, includes an articulation device able to be associated both with an articulation element mounted on the glenoid cavity, and also at the top of said humerus by an attachment element. The articulation device comprises a first element able to articulate with the articulation element and a second element associated with the attachment element, the first element and the second element being pivoted to each other around a pivoting axis to allow a free relative rotation thereof around the pivoting axis.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]The present invention concerns a humeral prosthesis for the articulation of a shoulder.[0002]The present invention is advantageously applied to a so-called inverse prosthesis, in which a convex-shaped head, or glenosphere, is associated with the glenoid seating of the shoulder and articulates in a concave artificial seating associated with the top of the humerus.[0003]The present invention is also applied to a normal or anatomical prosthesis, in which a substantially semi-spherical head is associated with the humerus and articulates in a mating concave seating, natural or artificial, associated with the glenoid seating.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0004]Prostheses of the shoulder are known, which have a first articulation element associated with the meta-epiphysary part of the humerus, and a second articulation element associated with the shoulder.[0005]In particular, in the case of anatomical or normal prostheses, there is a substantially semi-spherical he...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0025]In a variant of the invention, the pivoting axis advantageously coincides with the so-called diaphysis axis defined by the humerus and therefore said pivoting allows the free rotation of the first and second element of the articulation device particularly in the movements of intra-rotation and extra-rotation.

[0044]The present invention, applied to a normal or anatomical prosthesis, allows to reduce the risk of wear on the bone tissue due to rubbing of one part of the prosthesis against the shoulder, during the movements of rotation, particularly intra-rotation and extra-rotation.

Problems solved by technology

In fact, it is necessary to establish, artificially, a dynamic balance with the components of the prosthesis which allows, as much as possible, to recover the normal physiological functions of the shoulder-humerus articulation and which, however, it is difficult to provide.

In both anatomical prostheses and in inverse prostheses, an incorrect positioning of the components of the prosthesis can cause articular instability and contact between the humeral prosthesis and the scapula, with consequent wear of the bone, in the movement of rotation or adduction.

In particular, in anatomical prostheses there may be a risk of wear of the bone tissue due to the rubbing of a part of the prosthesis with the shoulder during the movements of rotation, particularly intra-rotation and extra-rotation.

In inverse prostheses, on the contrary, the typical medialization of the humerus can cause articular instability, which affects 10% of operations, due to the non-appropriate anatomical coupling typical of such prostheses.

In inverse prostheses, we also have the problem of the “scapular notch”, due to the wear of the material which constitutes the humeral cup which rubs against the scapula, mainly at the bottom but also at the rear, and the consequent osteolysis of the glenoid.

Normally, to limit some of these problems, inverse prostheses for the shoulder are positioned with zero retroversion, or a low level of retroversion, of the humerus; the first solution increases the risk of rear scapular notch, the second in any case introduces problems of articular instability and impingement with the shoulder.

All in all, therefore, the positioning of the prostheses, both anatomical and inverse, has the problem that the optimum orientation between the humeral component and the glenoid component is always given, or that this orientation is not known in advance.

This often prevents the prosthesis from being positioned in an optimum manner, and consequently introduces risk factors of articular instability, impediment to certain movements, knocking and rubbing.

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