Small and minitype household garbage gasifier

Abstract

The invention relates to a small and minitype household garbage gasifier, wherein a gasification kettle is arranged in a hearth, a secondary combustion zone is arranged between the inner wall of the hearth and the outer wall of the gasification kettle, after entering the gasification kettle, the garbage is heated and dried in an oxygen-free atmosphere, and gasification reaction carries out to generate gasification gas; the gasified garbage is pyrolyzed in an oxygen-poor atmosphere in the hearth to generate pyrolysis flue gas; gasification gas and pyrolysis flue gas are combusted again in the secondary combustion zone in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere, and part of the heat generated by garbage pyrolysis and secondary combustion is absorbed by the garbage in the gasification kettle to maintain the gasification reaction. The gasifier is simple in structure and convenient to operate, and can more accurately control and manage the working parameters of different links of garbage gasificationand incineration, so the gasifier is beneficial to improving the adaptability of an incinerator to garbage, reducing the content of harmful pollutants in discharged flue gas, and further reducing thetreatment difficulty and treatment cost of flue gas.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of harmless and reduction disposal of household garbage, in particular to a small and miniature household garbage gasifier. [0002] technical background [0003] Incineration is an inevitable development trend of domestic waste disposal. [0004] For cities with large populations, concentrating domestic waste and then incinerating power generation is a better choice to realize the reduction, harmless and resourceful disposal of domestic waste. However, for the vast rural areas, since the waste is relatively scattered, large-scale concentration requires many transfer links and long transfer distances, so large-scale centralized incineration for power generation is difficult to achieve in rural areas. In this regard, in recent years, a new way of thinking has been developed in China. After small-scale collection of rural domestic waste, small-scale incinerators are used to incinerate domestic waste according to local c...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0005] According to the incineration process, small domestic waste incinerators usually have two types: pyrolysis furnace and gasification furnace: the former is that the waste is directly combined with air (oxygen) and then burned in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere, and if necessary, with the help of auxiliary fuel (heat) solution), this method has the characteristics of a large amount of garbage treatment and relatively simple equipment, but the composition of the flue gas is more complex, difficult to deal with and high in treatment costs; Direct combustion of plastics, rubber and other components that are likely to produce a large amount of harmful substances is gasified and then deep-burned, and the flue gas is re-combusted after supplementing the air. This method has a relatively small amount of garbage disposal and relatively complicated equipment, but the smoke The concentration of harmful substances of dioxin in the gas is relatively lower, the flue gas treatment is relatively easy and the treatment cost is low

[0006] The gasification and deep burning of traditional gasification incinerators are both carried out in the same furnace. Compared with urban domestic waste, domestic waste in rural areas has a lower degree of classification and more complex components. In addition, its moisture content, decay degree, calorific value, etc. The physical parameters are affected by weather, seasons and other factors, and the changes are particularly large. In addition, the air-fuel ratio is not easy to control, and the furnace flow field is unstable, which may easily lead to incomplete gasification, or burning while gasifying, or even waste gasification in some cases. That is to say, it enters the combustion state, so it is not only easy to cause the gasification gas composition to be very unstable, but also the combustion of the secondary combustion chamber is unstable, which in turn leads to the deterioration of emissions, and it is easy to cause a high thermal ignition loss rate of ash and slag.

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