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Chemical-free production of graphene-encapsulated electrode active material particles for battery applications

A technology of electrode active materials and graphite materials, applied in battery electrodes, electrochemical generators, non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrodes, etc.

Active Publication Date: 2019-01-04
NANOTEK INSTR
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

This method satisfies the aforementioned need

Method used

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  • Chemical-free production of graphene-encapsulated electrode active material particles for battery applications
  • Chemical-free production of graphene-encapsulated electrode active material particles for battery applications
  • Chemical-free production of graphene-encapsulated electrode active material particles for battery applications

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

example 1

[0152] Example 1: Electrode active material particles surrounded by graphene

[0153] Several types of electrode active materials (both anode active materials and cathode active materials) in the form of fine powders have been investigated. These include Co 3 o 4 , Si, LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 o 4 , Lithium Iron Phosphate, etc., as examples demonstrating best-practice patterns. These active materials are self-prepared or commercially available.

[0154] In a typical experiment, 1 kg of electrode active material powder and 100 g of natural flake graphite, 50 mesh (average particle size 0.18 mm; Asbury Carbons, Asbury NJ) in a high energy ball mill container. The ball mill was run at 300 rpm for 0.5 to 4 hours. The container lid was then removed and the active material particles were found to be completely coated (surrounded or encapsulated) by a dark layer, confirmed by Raman spectroscopy to be graphene. Blocks of processed material were placed on a 50 mesh screen and, in some...

example 2

[0155] Example 2: Functionalized graphene-encapsulated Sn particles

[0156] The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, including 50 g of urea as nitrogen source. The resulting coated powders are functionalized graphene-encapsulated Sn particles used as anode active materials in Li-ion batteries. It can be noted that chemical functionalization is used to improve the wettability of the electrode active material by the electrolyte or the compatibility between the electrode active material and the electrolyte in the battery.

example 3

[0157] Example 3: SnO Surrounded by Graphene 2 particles

[0158] In the experiment, 2 g of 99.9% pure tin oxide powder (90 nm diameter) and 0.25 g of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) were placed in a resonant acoustic mill and processed for 5 minutes. For comparison, the same experiment was performed, but the grinding vessel further contained zirconia grinding beads. We unexpectedly found that the former approach (tin oxide particles themselves acting as grinding media without externally added zirconia grinding beads) resulted in predominantly single-particle microparticles (each containing one particle encapsulated by a graphene sheet). In contrast, in the presence of externally added grinding beads, graphene-surrounded microparticles tended to contain multiple tin oxide particles (typically 3-50) surrounded by graphene sheets. These same results were also observed for most metal oxide based electrode active materials (both anode and cathode). We further observe ...

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Abstract

Provided is a simple, fast, scalable, and environmentally benign method of producing graphene-embraced or encapsulated particles of a battery electrode active material directly from a graphitic material, the method comprising: a) mixing graphitic material particles and multiple particles of a solid electrode active material to form a mixture in an impacting chamber of an energy impacting apparatus, wherein the graphitic material has never been intercalated, oxidized, or exfoliated and the chamber contains therein no previously produced graphene sheets and no ball-milling media; b) operating the energy impacting apparatus with a frequency and an intensity to transfer graphene sheets from the graphitic material to surfaces of electrode active material particles to produce graphene-embraced electrode active material particles; and c) recovering the particles from the impacting chamber. Also provided is a mass of the graphene-embraced particles, electrode containing such particles, and battery containing this electrode.

Description

[0001] Cross References to Related Applications [0002] This application claims priority to US Patent Application No. 15 / 156,504, filed May 17, 2016, which is incorporated herein by reference. technical field [0003] The present invention relates generally to the field of lithium batteries, and in particular to an environmentally friendly and cost-effective method of producing graphene-protected electrode active materials for lithium batteries. Background technique [0004] A review of anode active materials [0005] The most commonly used anode materials for lithium-ion batteries are natural graphite and synthetic graphite (or artificial graphite) that can be intercalated with lithium, and the resulting graphite intercalation compound (GIC) can be expressed as Li x C 6 , where x is typically less than 1. The maximum amount of lithium that can be reversibly intercalated into the interstices between graphene planes of a perfect graphite crystal corresponds to x = 1, defi...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M4/1393H01M4/133H01M4/583H01M4/96
CPCH01M4/13H01M4/366H01M4/625H01M10/0525Y02E60/10C01B32/182C01G19/02C01G51/04H01M10/052C01P2004/80C01P2006/40H01M2004/027
Inventor 阿茹娜·扎姆张博增
Owner NANOTEK INSTR
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