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A Time-Frequency Domain Seismic Data Processing Method Based on Weighted Stacking

A technology of seismic data and weighted superposition, applied in seismic signal processing, seismology, geophysical measurement, etc., can solve the problems of incomplete noise removal, submerged weak energy signals, etc., to improve the superposition effect and attenuate noise interference.

Active Publication Date: 2018-04-03
PETROCHINA CO LTD
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Problems solved by technology

[0037] The purpose of the present invention is to address the three deficiencies in the existing stacking methods: incomplete noise removal, residual time difference and submerged weak energy signals, by using the weights composed of instantaneous phases in the phase space transformation domain to perform seismic stacking Non-linear superposition of the former signal to improve the final superposition result

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  • A Time-Frequency Domain Seismic Data Processing Method Based on Weighted Stacking
  • A Time-Frequency Domain Seismic Data Processing Method Based on Weighted Stacking
  • A Time-Frequency Domain Seismic Data Processing Method Based on Weighted Stacking

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Embodiment 1

[0074] This embodiment provides a time-frequency domain seismic data processing method based on weighted stacking, including the following steps:

[0075] Step 1) Transform the original seismic signal before stacking into the time-frequency transform domain formed by S transform, and extract the instantaneous phase in the time-frequency transform domain;

[0076] Step 2) constructing a weight function by subtracting its minimum value from the time-frequency plane formed by superimposing the instantaneous phase;

[0077] Step 3) Perform weighted superposition of the weight function, apply the superposition weight to perform S inverse transformation, obtain the superimposed seismic data, and output the superimposed seismic waveform.

[0078] The material basis of the present invention is the seismic data volume before stacking, which is processed by gathers. The core of seismic data stacking is horizontal stacking. Horizontal stacking is to averagely stack the signals received ...

Embodiment 2

[0081] This embodiment provides a time-frequency domain seismic data processing method based on weighted stacking, the specific steps are:

[0082] Step 1) Transform the original seismic signal before stacking into the time-frequency transform domain formed by S transform, and extract the instantaneous phase in the time-frequency transform domain;

[0083] The expression of S transformation is:

[0084]

[0085] Among them, x(t) is the single-channel signal to be analyzed; ST(τ,f) is the result of time-frequency transformation; g(τ-t,f) is the window function; t is the time position of the single-channel signal to be analyzed; τ is The time position of the time-frequency transformation result; f is the frequency; i is the imaginary number unit;

[0086] Assume that the single-channel signal to be analyzed is input x(t)=A(t)e iφ(t) , then the result of the S transformation is:

[0087]

[0088] Among them, A(t) and φ(t) are the amplitude and phase of the single-channel...

Embodiment 3

[0108] In this embodiment, the time-frequency domain phase weighted stacking method proposed by the present invention is compared with several existing weighted stacking algorithms through a synthetic seismic data before stacking.

[0109] image 3 The left side of the center shows a synthetic CMP gather, which contains 11 channels in total, each channel has 256 time sampling points, and the time sampling interval is 4 milliseconds. Each trace is a time-shifted and noise-added version of the reference trace shown on the right side of the figure, and the noise is additive white Gaussian noise. The reference trace is convolved by a reflection sequence with four reflection coefficients and a zero-phase Ricker wavelet with a main frequency of 40 Hz. The amplitudes of the four reflection coefficients in the reflection sequence are 1.2, 1.1, 0.9 and 0.8, respectively. Each track in the synthetic CMP gather is given a random moveout to simulate the phenomenon of incomplete moveout ...

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Abstract

The invention provides a time-frequency domain seismic data processing method based on weighted stacking, and the method comprises the following steps: 1) an original seismic to-be-stacked signal is converted in a time-frequency transform domain which is formed by S transform, and a instantaneous phase in the time-frequency transform domain is extracted; 2) a stacking weight is constructed; 3) the stacking weight is applied to obtain a final stacking result, and the stacking of the seismic signal is completed. According to the invention, a weight formed by the instantaneous phase is introduced to a weight stacking process, the noise interference is attenuated, and a weak energy effective signal is enhanced, and the stacking effect of the seismic data is further improved on weak amplitude effective signal energy maintenance, random disturbance suppression and residual moveout correction.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of signal processing in geophysical prospecting, and in particular relates to a time-frequency domain seismic data processing method based on weighted stacking. Background technique [0002] Seismic data stacking is one of the three key links in seismic signal processing (deconvolution, stacking, and migration), and is the basis for many subsequent data processing. The stacking results determine the signal-to-noise ratio, time, spatial resolution and Image quality. The traditional common-reflection point stacking method selects seismic traces with a common offset center from data collected in the field with different excitation points and different receiving points, and stacks the corresponding traces together after dynamic and static correction. Stacking can suppress random noise and multiple reflections, so that the event energy after stacking is enhanced. From the perspective of signal estimation theory...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Patents(China)
IPC IPC(8): G01V1/30G01V1/36
CPCG01V1/30G01V1/36G01V2210/322G01V2210/48
Inventor 王大兴高静怀李强史松群崔晓杰高利东夏正元畅永刚
Owner PETROCHINA CO LTD
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