Rainwater-collecting, water-storing and drought-resisting method for fallow period of one-cropping-one-year dryland wheat zone

Abstract

The invention discloses a rainwater-collecting, water-storing and drought-resisting method for a fallow period of one-cropping-one-year dryland wheat zone. The method comprises the following steps: after former wheat cropping, deeply scarifying soil by using a deeply-scarifying and fertilizing integrated machine on rainy days in the first ten days and the middle ten days of July; deeply applying organic fertilizer while deeply scarifying; covering the deeply scarified land surface by straws; and performing rotary tillage, harrowing, leveling and collecting water, and chemically weeding once when necessary in the first ten days and the middle ten days of August. Compared with the prior art, by the method, soil water retention with the amount of 0-300cm can be increased before sowing winter wheat and the organic fertility of the soil can be improved; the method is simple in technical operation, high in practicality and obvious in water retention; tillage, fertilization and straw return are integrated, so that agricultural machinery and agronomy are organically combined, tillage, water retention, fertilization and water storage are coordinated, and thus aims of deeply storing middle-summer rainwater and utilizing the rainwater in other seasons are achieved; the method is widely applicable to loess plateau dryland wheat zones; and compared with the conventional tilling technology, by the method, the yield of wheat can be improved by about 15 percent under perennial production conditions.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a method for receiving rain, storing moisture and preventing drought suitable for the fallow period in dryland wheat areas once a year. Background technique Drought and water shortage are one of the key factors limiting the yield of dryland wheat. For a long time, dry farming mainly adopts mulching and other seeding methods to reduce runoff and ineffective evaporation of water, improve soil water retention capacity and soil moisture, and ultimately increase yield. However, the only source of water for dryland wheat is natural rainfall, and the rainfall in the dryland wheat region of the Loess Plateau is basically concentrated in July-September, which is the fallow period of the dryland wheat region. This period is the replenishment and recovery period of soil moisture. The amount of water determines the amount of moisture in dryland wheat before sowing, and is an impor...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

The main problems in dryland wheat production are: low input of organic fertilizer, low soil fertility, low water storage and water retention capacity of the soil, resulting in low water use efficiency; late return of straw to the field, unable to rot in time, and unable to achieve the effect of increasing organic matter in the current season At the same time, it affects the quality of sowing; although the fallow period has relatively more rainfall, accounting for more than 60% of the annual rainfall, the summer temperature is high, and the evaporation loss of surface water is large, which cannot achieve the purpose of summer rain in spring; dryland wheat is basically Planting while taking advantage of moisture or waiting for rain, so the planting time is early or late, premature planting before winter, and planting too late are small and weak almost every year

However, after entering the 21st century, the new situation of "two strong and one weak" in crop production has been strengthened in material energy input, strengthened in agricultural machinery operation hardware, and weakened in farmland human input. Due to changes in rural labor force and agricultural mechanization, "four early three "The popularization and application of water storage and moisture conservation technology is facing severe challenges

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