Hydrogenation method of heavy hydrocarbon multi-segment fluidized bed

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogenation method of a heavy hydrocarbon multi-segment fluidized bed. The technical process comprises the steps of: mixing thick heavy hydrocarbon raw materials with gas phase material flow which is discharged from a fluidized bed hydrogenation-desulfuration reactor and a hydrogenation-denitrification reactor to enter into a hydrogenation-demetalization reactor; cooling and purifying reacted gas phase material flow to be taken as recycle hydrogen; mixing the demetallized liquid phase material flow with hydrogen to enter into the fluidized bed hydrogenation-desulfuration reactor; mixing the desulfurated liquid phase material flow with hydrogen to enter into the hydrogenation-desulfuration reactor; and leading the denitrified liquid phase material flow to enter into a separating device. The technology adopts a new reactor assembly mode to machine heavy oil raw materials with high viscosity and bad quality, can provide a new flexible, high-efficiency and energy-saving operation mode, organically combines the performances of the raw materials with the characteristic of each hydrogenation reaction, makes full use of reaction heating on the premise that a device is guaranteed to be stably operated, provides a product with good quality, and can flexibly adjust the operation process according to the requirement of a refinery.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a multi-stage ebullating bed hydrogenation method for heavy hydrocarbons, especially the hydrogenation of heavy hydrocarbon raw materials such as low-quality heavy oil and residual oil, etc. process method. Background technique [0002] With the vigorous development of heavy crude oil and the changes in the demand structure of petroleum products worldwide, the market demand for light fuel oil continues to grow rapidly and the demand for heavy fuel oil decreases rapidly. The deep processing technology of heavy oil has become the development of the refining industry. focus. Ebullated bed hydrogenation technology has the characteristics of wide adaptability of raw materials, flexible operation, high conversion rate and good product quality, and is one of the important means of processing heavy hydrocarbon raw materials. Conventional ebullating bed processing technology usually uses multiple reactors in series, and the reactors a...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

If the temperature is too high, the macromolecular substances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the petroleum raw material will undergo severe cracking and condensation coke formation reactions, and the heavier the feed quality, the worse it will be. The more severe it is, the coking of the furnace tube of the heating furnace will be caused, which will affect the heat transfer effect of the furnace tube, and even cause the shutdown of the device in severe cases

And through the further temperature increase of the hot hydrogen carrier, because the heat capacity of the hot hydrogen carrier is low, a large amount of hydrogen is needed, which will increase the heat energy consumption and the power consumption of the compressor

At the same time, in the conventional ebullating bed hydrogenation reaction, the raw material with high content of asphaltenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons first enters the hydrodemetallization reactor. Due to the high viscosity of the raw material, the contact effect between the raw material and hydrogen is poor, and the mass transfer and The thermal effect is not good, and the hydrodemetallization effect is not ideal

At the same time, the gas-liquid phase reactant stream of hydrodemetallization passes through the hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation reactors in sequence. Due to the high conversion rate of ebullating bed hydrogenation, more light components are generated, and some light components are reacting It is gaseous under the condition, which reduces the hydrogen partial pressure of hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation, thus affecting the effect of hydrogenation and thus affecting the quality of products

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