The invention relates to the molecular biology and medicine field, in particular to a method for detecting essential hypertension susceptibility, which comprises the following steps of detecting the genotype at a site of rs3753579 of an individual mitochondrion fusion gene 2 (Mfn2) / hyperplasia suppressor gene (HSG), and thus judging whether the risk of the individual to suffer from essential hypertension is larger than that of common people. The invention also discloses a corresponding detection kit. By detecting the genotype at the site of rs3753579, the method is simple, practicable, fast, high efficient and low-cost, and provides a new short-cut way to the diagnosis and the treatment of hypertension.