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Controlled irreversible electroporation

a technology of irreversible electroporation and controlled electroporation, which is applied in the field of irreversible electroporation, can solve the problems of large probes and difficult use, inability to control the affected area, and difficulty in controlling the extent of the treated area

Inactive Publication Date: 2011-05-19
RGT UNIV OF CALIFORNIA
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0020]An aspect of the invention is that a particular type of cell (e.g. identified tumor cells or cancer tumor cells) within an area of tissue may be targeted and destroyed without destroying non-targeted cells within the same tissue and without thermal damage.

Problems solved by technology

However, the probes are large and difficult to use.
However, the affected area cannot be controlled because of the local blood flow and transport of the chemical species.
The disadvantage is the extent of the treated area is difficult to control because blood circulation has a strong local effect on the temperature field that develops in the tissue.
Electrochemotherapy which employs reversible electroporation in combination with drugs, is beneficial due to its selectivity however, a disadvantage is that by its nature, it requires the combination of chemical agents with an electrical field and it depends on the successful incorporation of the chemical agent inside the cell.

Method used

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Examples

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specific embodiments

[0042]Models described in the Examples below were created and tested to demonstrate the importance of investigating heterogeneous models with NTIRE and to show that NTIRE treatment methods need to consider the heterogeneous nature of the tissue. Both the model of the prostate and the breast demonstrated the substantial difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous cases. Furthermore, unanticipated information about the effects of electroporation was also discovered. The impact electroporation has on biological structures such as nerves, ducts and blood vessels was previously unknown. This investigation has made clear that nerves can be preserved in treated tissue because of the insulating effect of surrounding myelin layers. Additionally, the Examples show that mammary ducts will also be retained because of myoepithelial cells and their ability to regenerate. Therefore, heterogeneous models are not only important to consider in order to generate an accurate simulation, but also t...

example 1

[0047]Models were generated using numerical analysis executed by a commercially available program Comsol Multiphysics (version 3.4). This initial study utilized 2-dimensional models because these were sufficient to demonstrate the significant difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous models. Two equations were solved simultaneously in Comsol. The first of which was the Laplace equation for potential distribution associated with an electric pulse.

−∇·d(σ∇V−J6)=aQj  (1)

[0048]Where σ is electrical conductivity, V is voltage, J6 is external current density, d is thickness and Qi is the current source.

[0049]For all boundaries the external current density and the current source were set to zero, and thickness was set to one. The electric field was solved in order to illustrate the electrical effects of the electroporation in the particular tissue as listed in Tables 1 and 2. The electric field was solved for in the AC / DC Conductive Media module using a static analysis. Each structur...

example 2

[0074]The methodology described above in Example 1 was used to analyze the prostate with a blood vessel which had a relatively small radius (e.g. less than 5 mm) which was placed in the center of a square section of prostate tissue. FIGS. 6A, 6B, 7A, 7B, 7C and 7D show the temperature distributions in the same manner as FIGS. 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D. The maximum temperature reached was 313.584K, while it was 313.431K for the homogeneous case. The blood vessel model has a temperature distribution between 310.238 and 313.584K. Because the maximum temperature reached is below 360.15K, the entire samples stays well below any temperature necessary for thermal damage. This means that absolutely none of the tissue receives any thermal damage. However, it is important to note that an elevated temperature does exist, but only in the immediate vicinity of the electrodes (FIG. 7A).

[0075]The electrical fields in this case are depicted in FIGS. 7 and 8 in the same manner as FIGS. 4 and 5.

[0076...

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Abstract

Electrical pulses are applied to tissue in a manner which destroys targeted cells such as cancerous cells while sparing non-targeted cells such as nerve cells. The electrical pulses are controlled within ranges for voltage, wattage and duration of application. Multiple pulses or groups of pulses may be applied to obtain a desired result while maintaining any temperature increase below a level which destroys cells.

Description

CROSS REFERENCES[0001]This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 262,850, filed Nov. 19, 2009, which application is incorporated herein by reference.GOVERNMENT RIGHTS[0002]This invention was made with government support under federal grant nos. 403 / 06 awarded by The National Science Foundation (NSF). The United States Government has certain rights in this invention.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0003]The invention relates generally to devices, systems and methods for carrying out electroporation of cells and particularly irreversible electroporation which is carried out in a controlled manner making it possible to selectively destroy certain types of cells.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0004]In many medical procedures, such as the treatment of benign or malignant tumors, it is important to be able to ablate the undesirable tissue in a controlled and focused way without affecting the surrounding desirable tissue. Over the years, a large number of minimally invasi...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61B18/00
CPCA61N1/327A61N1/0412A61B18/14A61B2018/00613
Inventor RUBINSKY, BORISDANIELS, CHARLOTTE
Owner RGT UNIV OF CALIFORNIA
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