Electrical storage device heater for vehicle

Abstract

A heater system for an electrical storage device, such as a high voltage traction battery, is connectable to an external AC power source maintain a proper temperature of the battery as long as the system remains connected to the external power source. The battery temperature can be maintained at a level that ensures that the vehicle will start even in extremely cold climates. The heater system includes a heater disposed within the battery itself. Other system components, such as an AC / DC converter and a control module, may be connected to the battery heater system outside of the battery, allowing the battery heater system to act as a modular component that can be easily included in or excluded from a vehicle as an option, either alone or in a package with an engine block heater. The battery heater system is designed so that it can be connected along with the engine block heater to the AC power source using a single common connector.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates generally to thermal controls for an electrical storage device in a vehicle. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system and method for heating the electrical storage device. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] Electric and hybrid electric vehicles have become increasingly popular to meet the demand for fuel-efficient, environmentally-friendly transportation. Such vehicles often include an electrical storage device, such as a high-voltage traction battery, for powering an electric motor to drive the vehicle, either alone or in conjunction with an internal combustion engine, fuel cell engine, or other prime mover. [0003] Currently available electric and hybrid electric vehicles tend to operate more effectively in moderate and warm climates and less effectively in extremely cold climates. This is because high voltage traction batteries tend to lose power as battery cell temperature drops (e.g., below...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0007] In one embodiment, the system includes a battery heater, such as a heater containing thermoelectric heater elements, disposed within the battery system itself. Other heater system components, such as a converter and a controller, may be connected to the heater either inside or outside the battery system. Keeping other system components outside the battery system allows the battery heater system to act as a modular component that can be easily included as a part of the battery itself or as part of an optional vehicle heating package. Moreover, placing the converter and / or the controller outside the battery allows the battery heater system to be easily omitted from vehicles operating in climates that do not require battery heating.

Problems solved by technology

Currently available electric and hybrid electric vehicles tend to operate more effectively in moderate and warm climates and less effectively in extremely cold climates.

This is because high voltage traction batteries tend to lose power as battery cell temperature drops (e.g., below approx.

This power decrease results in reduced vehicle performance, fuel economy and drivability.

At extremely low temperatures, the traction battery may have insufficient power to even start the vehicle.

Sustaining the battery temperature at a desired level can be challenging because the battery temperature can be affected by many factors, such as the battery condition, the battery cell temperature, the battery charge condition when the vehicle is turned off, and the ambient temperature.

Self-powered battery heaters are able to maintain a minimum battery temperature level only for short time periods because the amount of power available for heating is limited by the storage capacity of the battery itself.

Thus, self-powered battery heaters are unsuitable when the battery needs to be heated for an extended time period and / or when the battery needs to be warmed to a higher temperature to ensure optimal vehicle performance.

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