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Steel rail surface defect three-dimensional detection system and method

A technology of three-dimensional detection and rail, which is applied in the direction of optical detection of defects/defects, etc., can solve the problems of limited detection accuracy, cumbersome calibration process, and large amount of calculation, and achieve low misjudgment rate, high reliability, and improved accuracy.

Active Publication Date: 2020-05-08
北京冶自欧博科技发展有限公司
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, this method uses a large number of cameras, the calibration process is cumbersome, and the amount of calculation is large, and its depth detection resolution is 0.2mm, and it is still impossible to monitor defects with insignificant depth changes (such as two-dimensional defects) or too small in size. limited

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  • Steel rail surface defect three-dimensional detection system and method
  • Steel rail surface defect three-dimensional detection system and method

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Embodiment 1

[0073] This embodiment 1 provides a three-dimensional detection system for rail surface defects, a three-dimensional detection system for rail surface defects, including four sets of detection mechanisms assembled into one and facing the same direction, and an analysis unit 1 electrically connected to the four sets of detection mechanisms Each group of detection mechanisms includes a laser unit 2 and a camera unit 3 assembled together and facing the same direction, and the four groups of detection mechanisms are respectively arranged on the upper left, upper right, lower left and lower right of the rail (such as figure 1 shown);

[0074] The laser unit 2 projects the laser line onto the surface of the rail beam, and the laser lines emitted by the four laser units 2 are located on the same plane, and form a closed curve on the tread surface, bottom surface and two ventral surfaces of the rail beam;

[0075] The camera unit 3 collects the projection of the laser line on the rail...

Embodiment 2

[0079] Such as figure 2 As shown, this embodiment 2 provides a three-dimensional detection system for rail surface defects on the basis of embodiment 1, and this embodiment 2 further defines that the analysis unit 1 includes the following parts:

[0080] The calibration module 11 is used to calibrate multiple parameters of the detection system, the parameters include camera internal parameters, camera external parameters, laser plane parameters and the direction of motion of the rail;

[0081] The depth change calculation module 12 is used to solve the three-dimensional coordinates of the rail surface according to the calibrated parameters and the image irradiated on the rail surface by the laser line, and then calculate the depth change distribution map of the rail surface;

[0082] The defect detection and identification module 13 is used to identify defects from the distribution map of rail surface depth variation, and judge the types of defects (including rolling scars, g...

Embodiment 3

[0105] Such as Figure 10 As shown, this embodiment 3 provides a three-dimensional detection method for rail surface defects using the system described in the above embodiments, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0106] S1: The laser lines on the same plane are projected onto the rail beam surface from four directions at the same time through the laser unit 2. Enclosed on the ventral surface to form a closed curve;

[0107] S2: collect the projection of the laser line on the rail beam through the camera unit 3, and provide the collected laser line image to the analysis unit 1;

[0108] S3: Process and calculate the laser line image through the analysis unit 1, analyze the deformation of the laser line on the surface of the rail beam, and obtain the defect information on the rail surface.

[0109] Such as Figure 11 As shown, the specific method of step S3 is as follows:

[0110] S3.1: Taking the moving direction of the rail as the z-axis, calibrate multiple...

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Abstract

According to a steel rail surface defect three-dimensional detection system and a corresponding method provided by the invention, the steel rail can be completely covered by adjusting the positions and distribution modes of laser units and cameras under the condition that the number of the cameras is reduced, so that complete irradiation and image acquisition are carried out on the surface of thesteel rail and thus the calibration workload is greatly reduced. Each laser unit is integrally assembled with one camera unit, so that the laser unit and the camera unit can always move in the same direction and at the same speed, and the shooting angle and range of the camera unit are always consistent with the irradiation angle and range of the laser unit; experiments prove that the depth detection resolution of the system can reach 0.05 mm, and various two-dimensional defects or small-size defects on the surface of a steel rail can be accurately detected, so that the detection precision isgreatly improved, omission is avoided, the misjudgment rate is extremely low. The reliability of a detection result is high, and the system and method are suitable for popularization and application in steel rail production detection.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of automatic detection, in particular to a three-dimensional detection system and method for rail surface defects. Background technique [0002] The three-dimensional detection technology of rail surface defects is to restore the three-dimensional information of the rail surface through the visual method of light source and camera, and then determine the position and type of defects through the obtained three-dimensional information. Simply using the camera to obtain the two-dimensional image of the object cannot obtain the depth information of the object surface, and rail defects such as scale, scars, and indentations are very similar on the two-dimensional image, so the effect of defect detection using two-dimensional images not good. The binocular vision technology can obtain the surface depth of the rail, but it has a large amount of calculation; the depth camera can directly obtain the surface depth of...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): G01N21/95
CPCG01N21/95
Inventor 张超贾国龙刘富强
Owner 北京冶自欧博科技发展有限公司
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