A kind of labor-saving cultivation method of apple fertilizer and water intensive

Abstract

A method for intensive and labor-saving cultivation of apples with fertilizer and water. The method is to excavate a fertilizer collecting ditch (2) on one side of each column of apple trees (1), and set a drip irrigation belt (3) above the fertilizer collecting ditch. The mouth of the ditch is located above the drip irrigation belt and covered with a black plastic film (4), and the depth of the fertilizer collecting ditch is at least 30cm. The method of the invention has the advantages of small trenching engineering quantity, high water and fertilizer utilization rate, flexible adjustment of water and fertilizer application rate, and can promote the deep growth of fruit tree root system and realize easy and convenient pruning of the root system. The fertilizer collection ditch can be used for a long time after being excavated once, and there is basically no need to re-excavate, which greatly reduces the cost of field management.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of apple cultivation methods. Background technique [0002] In modern large-scale apple planting, a large number of drip irrigation methods are used for watering and fertilization. This method is to place the drip irrigation belt next to the tree trunk, and slowly drip the water in the drip irrigation belt to the ground and slowly seep into the ground. When fertilization is required, soluble fertilizer is used, which is dissolved in water and fertilized through drip irrigation tape. If you want to apply organic fertilizer, you need to dig a hole around the trunk and put the organic fertilizer in the hole, which is not only troublesome and laborious, but also easily damages the main root system and affects the growth of the apple tree. However, no matter whether drip irrigation or digging pits are used to fertilize, water and fertilizer are mainly concentrated on the surface and the shallower soil layer belo...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

If you want to apply organic fertilizer, you have to dig a hole around the trunk and put the organic fertilizer into the hole, which is not only troublesome, but also easy to damage the main root system and affect the growth of the apple tree.

However, no matter whether drip irrigation or digging pits are used to fertilize, water and fertilizer are mainly concentrated on the surface and the shallower soil layer below the surface, and according to the nature of tree root growth, it will lead to the enrichment of water and fertilizer in the roots of apple trees. Produced at the shallow surface, resulting in shallow root system of the fruit tree, not only easy to lodging, but also the growth is greatly affected by the climate

Among the existing planting methods, there is also a planting method of ditching and accumulating manure, which is to dig ditches on both sides of the fruit tree at the same time, accumulate green manure, organic fertilizer, and spread chemical fertilizers in the ditch, and pour a large amount of water into the ditch, and soak the ditch with water. Using this method, first, the amount of trenching is large, and the two sides of each row of fruit trees must be symmetrically dug to ensure that the roots of the fruit trees grow evenly on both sides. It is believed that only in this way can the two sides of the whole fruit tree grow evenly. The second is to keep a large amount of water accumulated in the ditch all year round, which consumes a lot of water. In the hot summer, the evaporation loss of water is also large. At the same time, in the season when the fruit trees do not need too much water for growth, they still absorb too much water and cannot Real-time adjustment of the amount of water and fertilization affects the taste and quality of apples. Third, when there is too much rainfall in the rainy season, these fertilizer collection ditches become canals, collecting a large amount of rainwater, flowing along the slope, and scouring the soil, causing Serious soil and fertilizer loss often requires re-ditching, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Fourth, when the fertilizer fertility in the lower part of the ditch is basically exhausted, the ditch needs to be re-digged every 3 to 5 years, which increases the cost of field management.

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