Hierarchical covering layer control method for open-pit-to-underground mine

Abstract

The invention discloses a hierarchical covering layer control method for an open-pit-to-underground mine. According to a hierarchical covering layer control theory, an overall downward moving layer which is stable in structure serves as a leakage balancing layer, a flowing layer serves as a covering layer loss control layer, the overall downward moving layer is located on the upper portion of the flowing layer, and the flowing layer is connected with an ore layer; the thickness of the leakage balancing layer is determined according to the drainage reservoir balance conditions and the air leakage control requirements; the loss control layer is determined according to the height of a drawing ellipsoid; the total thickness of the covering layer is the sum of the thickness of the leakage balancing layer and the thickness of the loss control layer. Accordingly, the structural adjustment pertinence of the covering layer can be improved by combining the actual requirements, and establishment and improvement of the covering layer system theory are facilitated; by establishing a determining method for the thickness of the leakage balancing layer and the thickness of the loss control layer, the reasonable thickness of the covering layer is determined; meanwhile, the overall downward moving layer and the flowing layer jointly achieve the effects of preventing and relieving rock blast hazards, preventing cold and keeping warm and have the functions of preventing water permeating, debris flow, air leakage, depletion and the rock blast hazards, preventing cold and keeping warm.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a method for constructing an overburden by converting metal and non-metallic open-pit mines to underground mining, in particular to an open-pit-to-underground mine overlay stratification control method for mines with good integrity of deep ore bodies. Background technique [0002] In the process of turning from open air to underground, a key link is to build the covering layer. The covering layer is an artificially formed bulk isolation layer between the open-pit mine and the underground mine. It has six safety protection functions for the transition from open-pit to underground: anti-water penetration, anti-debris flow, anti-leakage, anti-cold and warm, anti-poor, Anti-shock ground pressure. [0003] The current overburden control theories and methods have the following problems: First, the understanding of the mechanism of overburden is unclear, and the lack of a systematic overburden theory results in multiple safety functi...

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Problems solved by technology

[0003] The current overburden control theories and methods have the following problems: First, the understanding of the mechanism of overburden is unclear, and the lack of a systematic overburden theory results in multiple safety functions such as anti-water penetration, anti-leakage, and anti-debris flow that the overburden layer should have. Play a role

Second, the structural thickness of the overburden is unreasonable, which increases the risk and cost of switching from open pit to underground mining

The overburden of some mines is too thin, and the huge rockburst caused by side landslides caused devastating damage underground; the overburden of some mines leaked air and water, resulting in underground freezing in winter and flooding of wells and lanes in summer

Third, the overburden layer induces frequent underground debris flow disasters, and the economic loss of mines is huge

Fourth, the overburden design is determined only by experience, with great randomness and uncertainty, and lacks scientific and standardized formation techniques

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