Maize breeding method

Abstract

The invention discloses a maize breeding method. Two maize inbred lines of different germ lines in a temperate zone and a tropic zone are selected and used as breeding materials and radiated; two generations are grown through selfing; target trait variation strains are selected and used as parent generations for hybridization; re-planting is conducted after single-corncob threshing, and an induction line is used for induction; haploid seeds are selected from harvested clusters to be doubled, wherein the haploid seeds have aleurone layers, the top ends of the haploid seeds are provided with violet marks, and plumule tips are not provided with violet marks; plants which are successfully doubled are subjected to selfing to harvest self-fruiting seeds; the self-fruiting seeds are planted, and head progeny rows meeting a breeding objective are selected for selfing to obtain a new maize inbred line; pollen of the new maize inbred line is used for test matching with test seeds; a test matching combination is planted, and a new maize variety is bred after field identification. The maize breeding method has the advantages that radiation is used for irradiating the seeds, the breeding cycle is shortened, the variety breeding rate is increased, the bred seeds are high in quality and suitable for being grown in wide areas, and the plants are proper in height, fast in growth, and resistant to drought and weeds.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of breeding methods for new agricultural varieties, and in particular relates to a corn breeding method. Background technique [0002] my country is a big country of grain production. Although the grain planting area is large, the per capita grain output is still insufficient. As a crop with a large yield per mu, corn has a wide range of planting. However, due to long-term planting and natural hybridization, the stress resistance and adaptability of existing corn species have been greatly reduced, resulting in a decrease in yield per mu, decline in resistance to diseases and insect pests, and degeneration of corn species. Tropical corn species have excellent characteristics such as vigorous seedlings, tall plants, fast growth, drought resistance, and weed resistance; while temperate zone corn has high yield characteristics, so it is the current consensus in the corn breeding industry to use two types of belt...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0006] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following remarkable features and positive effects: the present invention selects two different types of maize inbred lines in the temperate zone and the tropics as breeding materials, irradiates the selected maize breeding materials, and then conducts the same species The selfing of the line was planted for two generations, and the mutant strains of the target traits were selected to be crossed as the parents. After threshing a single ear, they were planted, and induced by the induction line, and selected from the harvested ears with purple on the top of the aleurone layer and no purple on the germ tip. Marked haploid grains, double the haploid grains, perform selfing on the successfully doubled plants, and harvest self-fertile grains; plant self-fertile grains, and select ears that meet the requirements of breeding objectives for self-crossing to obtain The new corn inbred line is tested and matched with the pollen of the new corn inbred line and the test species; the planting test is combined, and field identification is carried out, that is, a new corn variety is selected by breeding. The present invention combines haploid breeding and radiation mutagenesis With the combination of breeding, pure and inbred lines can be used to assemble hybrid combinations quickly, thus effectively solving the problem of difficult application of radiation mutation breeding in corn; using high-frequency hybridization to induce parthenogenesis to produce inbred lines, greatly shortening the The number of breeding years has been shortened, and the correctness and efficiency of corn variety breeding have been improved