Method and apparatus for processing respiration data and assessing autonomic function

Abstract

Embodiments of the invention concern methods and apparatuses for deriving respiratory data from both single lead and multi-lead ECG data recordings. Other embodiments of the invention address the assessment of respiration rate from respiratory data such as respiratory data derived from ECG data. Still other embodiments of the invention address methods and apparatuses for the assessment of autonomic function. These last embodiments involve the derivation of respiratory data from ECG data, comparing the respiration rate to key threshold values, and the final derivation of one or more HRV parameters from the ECG data. The embodiments of the invention have implementations applicable to data previously recorded data as well as data recorded and processed in a real-time manner.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of the U.S. patent application, Ser. No. 10 / 842,294, entitled “Method and apparatus for measurement of autonomic nervous system function”, filed on May 10, 2004, which is hereby incorporated by reference.BACKGROUND INFORMATION [0002] 1. Technical Field [0003] The present invention relates to methods and apparatuses for deriving respiratory data and respiratory rates from both single lead and multi-lead ECG recordings, as well as related methods and apparatuses for the assessment of autonomic function. [0004] 2. Description of the Related Art [0005] The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is primarily responsible for the fine-tuned regulation of many human organs and systems. An individual whose autonomic nervous system correctly regulates such organs and systems is said to have good autonomic function. Improper autonomic function may be referred to as autonomic dysfunction, which can be the result o...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0028] In one embodiment of the invention, background data from a population of patients is obtained. The population of patients may be comprised of patients with both normal and abnormal autonomic function. Then, the invention may receive ECG data from the same population of patients. HRV parameters such as NNmin SB and SD may be measured from the ECG data. Afterwards, discriminant analysis may be performed on the HRV parameters and background data to determine discriminant equations, wherein each discriminant equation discriminates between patients with normal and abnormal autonomic function. For instance, patterns may be identified whereby certain HRV parameter measurements, when combined with certain background information, such as race and gender, may distinguish between individuals with early signs of diabetes and those without such signs. After these equations are developed, new patients may be tested. Each new patient provides background data and HRV data. Then, the invention may select, from among the discriminant equations it has previously developed from the data from the population of patients, only those equations that pertain to the particular patient being tested. Consequently, data from a 20 year old black woman may be compared to other 20 year old black women, each afflicted with a different malady. The new patient's HRV data could then be input into the selected equations to provide autonomic rankings that are indicative of the new patient's autonomic function. In one embodiment of the invention, the background and HRV data from each new patient may be added to the same information that exists for the population of patients thereby creating increasingly larger normative data sets from which future patients' autonomic function can be more accurately assessed.

Problems solved by technology

AN can result in improper regulation of organs and systems, which in turn may lead to the malfunction of those organs and systems.

This results in a change in blood pressure.

While the methods for performing the Metronomic, Orthostatic and Valsalva tests produce valuable information regarding autonomic function, prior art methods and equipment fail to take full advantage of the available information.

As an illustration, the prior art does not attempt to determine normal VARmax values for patients according to such diverse factors as race, age, smoking history and gender.

Doing so may lead to an inaccurate assessment of the male patient's autonomic function.

Furthermore, the prior art does not attempt to link certain factors such as race, age and VARmax value with a risk factor for contracting, for example, hypertension.

An additional limitation in the prior art is the inability to provide normative databases that expand, and whose accuracy is refined as HRV studies continue to be performed.

Finally, the prior art requires expensive, complicated and burdensome HRV testing equipment that many non-specialists are unlikely to use.

As a result, AN associated maladies, such as heart disease and diabetes, are not assessed as well as possible because the vast majority of clinicians do not possess these complex tools.

The prior art methods for HRV assessment are also limited because they normally require active monitoring of respiration.

However, a drawback exists because some HRV studies, such as the Slow Metronomic Breathing test and the Orthostatic test, require a patient to breath into the spirometer mouthpiece for an extended period of time.

Doing so can be uncomfortable for the patient.

Unfortunately, the derivation of EDR from ECG is not without limitations such as susceptibility to noise and other false signals.

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