Biological sample marker relative to preoperative benign and malignant differential diagnosis of thyroid nodule and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of biotechnology and oncology, in particular to a biological sample marker relative to benign and malignant differential diagnosis of thyroid nodule and applicationthereof. The invention provides the biological sample (FNA sample) marker relative to preoperative benign and malignant differential diagnosis of thyroid nodule and application of the biological sample (FNA sample) marker in benign and malignant differentiation and prognosis evaluation of thyroid nodule, and provides a detection kit for preoperative benign and malignant differentiation of thyroidnodule. The marker is PKM2 mRNA in a preoperative FNA sample of thyroid nodule. Studies find that expression of the PKM2 mRNA in the preoperative FNA sample of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) increases, and the fact that the PKM2 mRNA is relative to formation and development of thyroid malignancy is shown. The FNA sample is used for detecting the PKM2 mRNA, and as a new method for differentiating benign and malignant of thyroid nodule, the method is beneficial for avoiding diagnostic surgery when a definite diagnosis cannot be made by cytologic diagnosis.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the fields of biotechnology and oncology, in particular to a biological sample marker related to the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules and its application. Background technique [0002] Thyroid nodules refer to sporadic lesions caused by local abnormal growth of thyroid cells. In recent years, the high incidence of thyroid nodules (the detection rate can reach 20-76% with high-resolution ultrasound) has attracted widespread attention. The current diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules have the following unresolved problems: 1) Although nodules are all derived from abnormal growth of thyroid cells, malignant nodules (thyroid cancer, mainly papillary thyroid cancer) only account for all nodules. 5-15%. Due to the lack of good means to distinguish thyroid cancer from a large number of benign nodules and predict the degree of malignant invasion before surgery, there is a phenomenon that patients a...

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Problems solved by technology

Due to the lack of a good means to distinguish thyroid cancer from a large number of benign nodules and predict the degree of malignant invasion before surgery, there is a phenomenon that patients are overly panic about thyroid nodules and medical institutions overtreat thyroid nodules

2) Preoperative thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) pathological examination is the only method that can obtain thyroid nodule specimens before surgery, and it is also an important means to distinguish benign from malignant nodules before surgery. “suspicious malignancy” and cannot be used for the diagnosis of follicular thyroid cancer, it is still difficult to provide a good basis for subsequent treatment

3) Due to the limited number of cells obtained by FNA, it is difficult to detect some abnormally expressed proteins (such as galectin-3, etc.) in thyroid cancer. Therefore, patients with thyroid nodules can only undergo FNA cytology when the diagnosis cannot be confirmed. Repeated puncture or diagnostic surgery, increasing the patient's mental burden and unnecessary surgery

4) Some thyroid cancers are highly invasive and will quickly metastasize or recur, or have poor differentiation, and lack effective treatment methods. Therefore, in the preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules, it is not only hoped to be able to distinguish between benign and malignant, but also to be able to prompt Markers of the degree of invasion of malignant nodules

Detection of PKM2 gene expression in preoperative FNA specimens and its value as a marker for preoperative differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules have not been reported yet

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